NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO REAL EXAM TEST BANK COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS| ALREADY GRADED
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NURS 611 1 PATHO REAL K 2023-202
Institution
NURS 611 1 PATHO REAL K 2023-202
NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO REAL EXAM TEST BANK COMPLETE 200
QUESTIONS AND ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS| ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MARYILLE UNIVERSITY)
What is Apoptosis? - correct answere-A programmed cell death
What is necrosis? - correct answere-Death of most or all of the cells in an organ or
tissu...
NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO REAL EXAM TEST BANK 2023-2024 COMPLETE 200
QUESTIONS AND ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS| ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MARYILLE UNIVERSITY)
What is Apoptosis? - correct answere-A programmed cell death
What is necrosis? - correct answere-Death of most or all of the cells in an organ or
tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply.
Characteristics of tissue necrosis - correct answere-1) Rapid loss of of the plasma
membrane structure
2) Organelle swelling
3) Mitochondrial dysfunction
Hypoxia - correct answere-What is the #1 major cause of cellular injury leading to
necrosis. (especially the kidney and heart)
What is hypertrophy? - correct answere-Is an increase in the size of cells
Physiologic hypertrophy - correct answere-Hypertrophy of myocardial cells such as in
endurance training
Pathologic hypertrophy - correct answere-Occurs secondary to HTN
What is Hyperplasia - correct answere-Increase in the number of cells
Compensatory hyperplasia - correct answere-Removal of 70% of the liver- can
regenerate in about 2 weeks
What is Metaplasia - correct answere-Replacement of cells
Example of Metaplasia - correct answere-Normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
brohchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells
During ischemia, what effect does the loss of the ATP levels have on cells? - correct
answere-Reduction in ATP levels causes the plasma membrane's sodium-potassium
pump and sodium-calcium exchange to fail, which leads to an intracellular accumulation
of sodium and calcium and diffusion of potassium out of the cell. Sodium and water then
can enter the cell freely, and cellular swelling results.
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? -
correct answere-These reactive oxygen species play major roles in the initiation and
progression of cardiovascular alterations associated with hyperlipidemia, diabetes
mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart diseases, and chronic heart failure.
, What are free radicals? - correct answere-Electrically uncharged atom or group of
atoms having an unpaired electron.
How are free radicals formed? - correct answere-Having one unpaired electron makes
the molecule unstable; thus to stabilize, it gives up an electron to another molecule or
steals one.
Free radical species - correct answere-Are capable of injurious chemical bond formation
with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates - key molecules in membranes and nucleic acids.
What are the Lysosomes? - correct answere-Enzymatic digestion of cellular organelles,
including the nucleus and nucleolus, halting synthesis of DNA and RNA
What are peroxisomes? - correct answere-membrane-bound organelles in most
Eukaryotic cells, primarily involved in lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive
oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide into safer molecules like water and oxygen
How does the body metabolize Ethanol - correct answere-Liver enzymes metabolize
ethanol to acetaldehyde which causes hepatic cellular dysfunction. Peroxisomes help
detoxify ethanol.
Which cell component is the most vulnerable target of radiation? - correct answere-DNA
What is Sarcopenia - correct answere-Muscular atrophy
What are some example of aging of cell/tissues - correct answere-- Increased
peripheral vascular resistance
- Decreased production of HCL and delayed emptying of the stomach
- Decreased immune response
What are indications of dehydration? - correct answere-Headache, thirst, dry skin, and
mucous membranes, elevated temperature, weight loss, and decreased or concentrated
urine. Skin turgor may be normal or decreased. S/sx of hypovolemia, including
tachycardia, weak pulses, dizziness, and postural hypotension.
Oncotic pressure - correct answere-A form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins,
notably albumin, in a blood vessel's plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water
into the circulatory system.
What activates osmoreceptors? - correct answere-An increase in osmotic pressure of
the plasma
Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of what? - correct answere-A reduction
in plasma oncotic pressure
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - correct answere-Produced by the myocardial atria
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