NSG 357 Exam Questions and Answers All Correct

NSG 357 Exam Questions and Answers All Correct Schizophrenia - Answer--Considered a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by psychosis and disorganized thought that severely impairs ability to function in most people -s/s will present on a spectrum -Most severe mental illness Typical Presentation - Answer-Premorbid -Early s/s withdrawn, poor social skills, poor academic performance Prodromal (2-5 years) -More clearly identified s/s begin to emerge; onset of psychotic features, decreased daily functioning, increased social withdrawal Active psychosis/acute -Increase s/s Residual/recovery -Less prominent positive s/s, negative s/s usually remain Positive Symptoms - Answer-Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, abnormal motor activity Negative Symptoms - Answer-Lack of emotional express, lack of motivation, decreased verbal communication, decrease in interest in relationships, decreased abstract thinking Factors that affect prognosis - Answer-Early treatment, premorbid functioning, females generally do better than males, presence of physical co-morbidity, financial stability What is the cause - Answer-No clear cause: likely a combination of genetics and environmental exposure Delusional disorder - Answer-Delusions only!! No other psychotic features→ must have delusions for at least one month to be diagnosed - Delusions: fixed false beliefs that cannot be changed by conflicting evidence Brief Psychotic Disorder - Answer-- Duration is at least 1 day but less than 1 month -The onset is sudden and includes at least one of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia -Suicide is a risk, especially in younger patients antipsychotic medications Schizophreniform Disorder - Answer--Identical features to schizophrenia -Duration less than 6 months with symptoms present for at least 1 month Schizoaffective Disorder - Answer-Combination of schizophrenia symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions, and mood disorder symptoms, such as depression or mania Treatment - Answer-Goals -Establish trust, reality, orientation, education, social skills training, med adherence -Medication, therapy, social support, housing, managing finances Antipsychotics - Answer-Used in treatment of schizophrenia All share the potential for the same side effects -EPS, cholinergic effects, tremors. tachycardia, weight gain, sedation, sexual dysfunction, akathisia 1st generation/typical - Answer-Blocks dopamine; treats positive s/s only Haloperidol and chlorpromazine 2nd generation/atypical - Answer-Blocks dopamine and serotonin; treats negative and positive s/s Clozapine, aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, lurasidone, paliperidone, risiperidone Patient Education Considerations - Answer--Don't stop taking abruptly -Sunblock -Labs -Exercise -No alc no drugs -Report NMS Anosognosia - Answer-Denial of illness Catatonia - Answer-State of immobility and unresponsiveness lasting for long periods of time Circumstantiality - Answer-Speech that is delayed in reaching the point and contains excessive or irrelevant details Clang Association - Answer-Meaningless rhyming of words Echolalia - Answer-The uncontrollable and immediate repetition of words spoken by another person Echoprazia - Answer-rRpetitive imitation of movements of another person Tardive dyskinesia (TD) - Answer-Side effect of antipsychotic medications; characterized by abnormal, involuntary movements such as lip smacking, tongue protrusion, chewing Loose Associations - Answer-A common thinking disturbance in schizophrenia, characterized by rapid shifts from one topic of conversation to another Neologism - Answer-New word Perservation - Answer-The tendency to persevere in, or stick to, one thought or action for a long time Tangentiality - Answer-Going off on a tangent Word Salad - Answer-Jumble of incoherent speech as sometimes heard in schizophrenia Waxy Flexibility - Answer-Maintenance of posture or position over time even when it is awkward or uncomfortable