Foundations of biomedical science -
exam practice questions with correct
answers
What are the disadvantages/advantages of Betadine as a skin disinfectant - ANSWER-
is effective against a wide range of micro-organisms, good residual effect
disadvantages - does not help stop the growth of pseudomonas and some patients can
be hypersensitive to it.
what is the mechanism of QUATS against bacteria? - ANSWER-mode of action is that
they can disrupt the cell membrane of the target micro-organisms
how are bacteria resistant r become resistant to antibiotics? - ANSWER-some bacteria
in a population might be already resistant for example if a bacteria produces the beta -
lactase enzyme then that bacteria can be resistant to beta lactic antibiotics such as
penicillin.
how does ionising radiation effect microbes to kill them - ANSWER-damages the DNA,
hence killing the microbes
why does food spoilage appear to be rapid when the microbe are on the food for long
periods of time before appearance of spoilage? - ANSWER-the microbes often have
exponential growth, number of microbes starts very low and then increases. for example
it can take the first 10 time periods before the number of organisms increases to 500
million, but then it only takes 1 time period before the number is increased to 1000
million
what chemicals are used for cold sterilization? - ANSWER-Mode of action -
denaturation of proteins
• Examples
- Formaldehyde(gas)
- Glutaraldehyde(aqueous)
- Ethylene oxide (gas)
- Plasma sterilization (hydrogen peroxide gas)
what are the advantages of using hiv as a vector for gene therapy - ANSWER-an
advantage of using hiv as a vector for gene therapy ( ie a way to insert DNA into a
patient so that the resultant gene product might improve a patients condition) could b
that the DNA can be inserted or integrated into the host chromosome and so the gene is
likely to persist in the cell
, what does the TOPIC specimen collection involve? - ANSWER-refers to taking a
sample from a patient so that laboratory tests can be performed, - can be blood, swabs,
etc
which disease of the following type would most likely spread quickly thru perth -
ANSWER-a respiratory disease, as sanitation is good in perth as well as levels of
education in public health.
what are the advantages and disadvantages of using histopathology. - ANSWER-
comparing to cytology.
cytology is relatively quick and is less invasive. Although history can be slower nd more
invasive it can provide a good view od the entire tissue, not just individual cells - so it
can help understand the disease tissue in the context of the surrounding tissue.
what macromolecule can be made up of branched chains? - ANSWER-neither protein
nor nucleic acids can be made uo of branched chains ( they are long chains that do not
split or branch)
however poly sacchrisdes can have branched chains, sugars in the carbohydrate chain
can be arranged so that an extra string of sugars can come off to form a branched
chain. ```
why is the histological section cut to approx 5 um thick? - ANSWER-to stimulate a
section approx one cell thick so that the tissue structure and its cellular contents can be
clearly visible under the microscope
List the stages of infectious disease - ANSWER-Incubation- no symptoms
Prodromal Period- general symptoms
peak or clinical stage( disease riches highest point of development, symptoms may be
severe)
recovery stage( symptoms dissapearing, pathogen mostly eliminated.
Any infectious casing agents that cannot be detected using aPCR type reaction? -
ANSWER-Bacteria contain DNA and we should be able to detect them using PCR,
viruses contain DNA and RNA so can detect. A
A biological causing disease agent consisting of protein (not nucleic acid) Because they
do not contain DNA or RNA so they cannot be detected.
using PCR for sex determination - ANSWER-males have XY chromosomes and
females have XX. so there is extra DNa in males, so you can design a PCR to amplify a
specific region only found on the y chromosome. to look for the different XY
chromosomes.
what method is used to ensure a autoclave is working? - ANSWER-printout nd
monitoring as well as spore strips and autoclave tape
exam practice questions with correct
answers
What are the disadvantages/advantages of Betadine as a skin disinfectant - ANSWER-
is effective against a wide range of micro-organisms, good residual effect
disadvantages - does not help stop the growth of pseudomonas and some patients can
be hypersensitive to it.
what is the mechanism of QUATS against bacteria? - ANSWER-mode of action is that
they can disrupt the cell membrane of the target micro-organisms
how are bacteria resistant r become resistant to antibiotics? - ANSWER-some bacteria
in a population might be already resistant for example if a bacteria produces the beta -
lactase enzyme then that bacteria can be resistant to beta lactic antibiotics such as
penicillin.
how does ionising radiation effect microbes to kill them - ANSWER-damages the DNA,
hence killing the microbes
why does food spoilage appear to be rapid when the microbe are on the food for long
periods of time before appearance of spoilage? - ANSWER-the microbes often have
exponential growth, number of microbes starts very low and then increases. for example
it can take the first 10 time periods before the number of organisms increases to 500
million, but then it only takes 1 time period before the number is increased to 1000
million
what chemicals are used for cold sterilization? - ANSWER-Mode of action -
denaturation of proteins
• Examples
- Formaldehyde(gas)
- Glutaraldehyde(aqueous)
- Ethylene oxide (gas)
- Plasma sterilization (hydrogen peroxide gas)
what are the advantages of using hiv as a vector for gene therapy - ANSWER-an
advantage of using hiv as a vector for gene therapy ( ie a way to insert DNA into a
patient so that the resultant gene product might improve a patients condition) could b
that the DNA can be inserted or integrated into the host chromosome and so the gene is
likely to persist in the cell
, what does the TOPIC specimen collection involve? - ANSWER-refers to taking a
sample from a patient so that laboratory tests can be performed, - can be blood, swabs,
etc
which disease of the following type would most likely spread quickly thru perth -
ANSWER-a respiratory disease, as sanitation is good in perth as well as levels of
education in public health.
what are the advantages and disadvantages of using histopathology. - ANSWER-
comparing to cytology.
cytology is relatively quick and is less invasive. Although history can be slower nd more
invasive it can provide a good view od the entire tissue, not just individual cells - so it
can help understand the disease tissue in the context of the surrounding tissue.
what macromolecule can be made up of branched chains? - ANSWER-neither protein
nor nucleic acids can be made uo of branched chains ( they are long chains that do not
split or branch)
however poly sacchrisdes can have branched chains, sugars in the carbohydrate chain
can be arranged so that an extra string of sugars can come off to form a branched
chain. ```
why is the histological section cut to approx 5 um thick? - ANSWER-to stimulate a
section approx one cell thick so that the tissue structure and its cellular contents can be
clearly visible under the microscope
List the stages of infectious disease - ANSWER-Incubation- no symptoms
Prodromal Period- general symptoms
peak or clinical stage( disease riches highest point of development, symptoms may be
severe)
recovery stage( symptoms dissapearing, pathogen mostly eliminated.
Any infectious casing agents that cannot be detected using aPCR type reaction? -
ANSWER-Bacteria contain DNA and we should be able to detect them using PCR,
viruses contain DNA and RNA so can detect. A
A biological causing disease agent consisting of protein (not nucleic acid) Because they
do not contain DNA or RNA so they cannot be detected.
using PCR for sex determination - ANSWER-males have XY chromosomes and
females have XX. so there is extra DNa in males, so you can design a PCR to amplify a
specific region only found on the y chromosome. to look for the different XY
chromosomes.
what method is used to ensure a autoclave is working? - ANSWER-printout nd
monitoring as well as spore strips and autoclave tape
