BIO 251 Exam 1 Questions and Answers

BIO 251 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Define microbiology - Answer ️️ -The study of microorganisms, how they work, interact with the environment, and interact with us. Bacteria, the largest and most important group of microorganisms. List two emerging infections - Answer ️️ -Tuberculosis Hantavirus- mutation Ebola E. coli- in gut Describe the impact of infectious disease on human deaths before the 1900, currently worldwide and compared to the deaths from wars and natural disasters. - Answer ️️ - Before the 1900 50% of all children died of infectious disease before reaching the age of 10. Currently about 1/3 of deaths worldwide are due to infectious diseases. Deaths from wars: 150 million have died of AIDS, TB and malaria alone since 1945 compared with 23 million lost to wars Natural disasters: 160 times more people have died from AIDS, malaria respiratory and diarrhea diseases than in all natural disasters combined. List the 6 groups of microorganisms - Answer ️️ --Fungi -Protozoa -Algae -Prokaryotes -Helminths -Virus Fungi composed of - Answer ️️ -Molds- multicellular, reproduced by sexual and asexual spores Yeasts- unicellular, reproduced asexually by budding, some produce sexual spores List at least one disease caused by each type of microorganism -Protozoa, helmiths, fungi, algae, prokaryotes, viruses - Answer ️️ -*Fungi* - yeast infection (Candidiasis), cryptococcosis, pneumocystis pneumonia *Protozoa* - plasmodium (some can cause malaria-non-motile) *Algae* - cholera (shellfish poisoning) *Prokaryotes* - Tuberculosis *Helminths* (worms) - tape worms *Virus* - AIDS, influenze, West Nile, SARS List different characteristics of each group of microorganisms - Answer ️️ -Fungi- Eukaryotic (have membane-bound nucleus). Obtain their food from other organisms. Protozoa- single celled eukaryotes, most reproduce asexually some produce sexually, classified by mechanism of motility. Algae- Unicellular or multicellular. Photosynthetic. Simple reproductive structures. Non- pathogenic except for their role in red tides and shellfish poisoning (ppl eating fish that eat algae). Make worlds most oxygen as part of photosynthesis. Prokaryotes- Unicellular and no nucleus. Much smaller than eukaryotes. Found everywhere there is sufficent moisture; some found in extreme environments (archea). Reproduces asexually. two kinds: Bacteria- cell walls contain peptidoglycan, some lack cell walls, most do not cause disease and some are beneficial. Archaea- cell walls composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan (no known disease). Lives in extreme environments. Helminths (worms)- tape worms, flukes and round worms (found in sushi if not frozen before eating) Virus- non living obligate intracellular parasite (inside of the cell). no cells are impermeable to viral infections (gets in into every membrane or cell). Invention of the electron microscope that made this discovery