2024 NSG 123 Sexuality & Reproduction, Childbearing Process, Antepartum & Intrapartum Questions & Answers Solved 100% Correct!!

What are the two ovarian hormones? - Answer-- Estrogen (first half of cycle) - Progesterone (second half of cycle) What are the two pituitary hormones? - Answer-- Follicle Stimulating: stimulates growth of follicles, one egg is released. - Luteinizing: triggers ovulation and development of corpus luteum. Also produces progesterone. What is HPL? - Answer-- Human Placental Lactogen (the placental hormone): maternal metabolism supplies nutrients to the fetus & responsible for glucose transport to the fetus. What is menstruation? - Answer-The shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium). How long is the menstrual cycle? - Answer-28 days What is ovulation? - Answer-The release of an egg (ovum) from the ovary (day 14) What is ejaculation? - Answer-The release of sperm with semen. What is fertalization? - Answer-The union of egg & sperm. What is conception? - Answer-When the egg is fertilized and pregnancy begins. What is implantation? - Answer-Attachment of the blastocyst to the endometrium occurring in the first 5 to 10 days after fertilization.Pre-embyronic period - Answer-- fertilization occurs - fertilized ovum implants 5-10 days after fertilization Embryonic period - Answer-- weeks 3 through 8 - fetus is growing - most critical time - external organs develop - teratogens should be completely avoided Fetal maturation - Answer-- overall growth of fetus week 9 through end of pregnancy Describe the placenta - Answer-- A vascular structure formed by the cells surrounding the embryo and cells of the endometrium. - "afterbirth". - responsible for nutrition, excretion, storage, respiration, & antibody transfer from mom to fetus. Describe the umbilical cord - Answer-- Contains 2 umbilical arteries that carry unoxygenated blood from the fetus to the mother and 1 vein carrying oxygenated blood. - Eliminate waste and carbon dioxide from the infant and deliver nutrients, hormones, antibodies etc. to the fetus. - Develops during 5th week. What hormones are essential for pregnancy? - Answer-Estrogen and progesterone. Describe amniotic fluid - Answer-Has two layers that is mainly formulated by fetal urine and fluid transported from maternal blood across amnion that surrounds the baby. There should be 1 liter at term. amnion: inner membrane that is closest to baby chorion: outer membrane closest to uterine wallFetus swallows fluid and voids, making amniotic fluid. Too much or too little are both indicators of concern. What are the 3 categories of signs & symptoms of pregnancy? - Answer-Presumptive, probable, and positive. What are presumptive signs of pregnancy? - Answer-Signs perceived by the mother - missed period - nausea & vomiting - fatigue - breast tenderness What are probable signs of pregnancy? - Answer-Detected on exam - Goodell's signs: softening of the cervix - Chadwick's sign: bluish purple color - Hegar's sign: softening of the uterine isthmus - Shape of uterus changes