Chapter 21 Wildland and Ground Fires Questions And Answers Rated A+ New Update Assured Satisfaction

In which type of fuel will fire spread the most rapidly? - Answer-FINE- fuels that ignite and burn easily, such as dried twigs, leaves, needles, grass, moss, and light brush. The smothering method of extinguishment is most frequently used in which wildland operation? - Answer-OVERHAUL- the process of final extinguishment after the main body of fire has been knocked down. All traces of fire must be extinguished. Which term means areas where underdeveloped land with vegetative fuels is mixed with human-made structures? - Answer-WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE- an are where underdeveloped land with vegetative fuels mixes with human-made structures Which federal government agency manages wildland incidents occurring on federal lands? - Answer-US FOREST SERVICE- responsible for coordinating firefighting activities at large incidents and incidents that occur on federal land Which tool is a combination of hoe and rake? - Answer-McLeod Tool- a hand tool used for constructing fire lines and overhauling wildland fires. One side of the head consists of a five-toothed to seven-toothed fire rake; the otherside is a hoe Which NFPA standard covers wildland fire fighter professional qualifications? - Answer-NFPA 1051- Standard for Wildland Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications The location near where a wildland fire began is the ___________? - Answer-Heel of the fire (rear of the fire) Ground cover is an example of a(n)____________? - Answer-Surface fuels- fuels that are close to the surface of the ground, such as grass, leaves, twigs, needles, small trees, logging slash, and low brush. Also called ground fuels. What is dry lightning? - Answer-Lightning without rainWhat is another term for surface fuels? - Answer-Ground fuels- fuels that are close to the surface of the ground, such as grass, leaves, twigs, needles, small trees, logging slash, and low brush. Also called surface fuels. What are the three categories of wildland fire causes? - Answer-Natural Intentional Accidential What is the last resort for a fire fighter in danger of being overrun by a wildland fire? - Answer-Deploy a fire shelter- made of a thin, reflective-foil layer that is atteched to a layer of fiberglass. They are designed to reflect approximately 95% of a fire's radiant heat for a short period of time. This property allows a rapidly moving fire to pass over a fire fighter who has deployed a fire shelter. The quantity of wildland fuel available in a specific area is fuel _________? - Answer-Fuel Volumereferes to the quantity of fuel available in a specific area. The amount of fuel in a given area influences the growth and intensity. What are the two primary methods of direct attack on a wildland fire? - Answer-Pincer attack: two crews of fire fighters mount a two-pronged attack, with one crew one side of the fire and the other crew suppressing the other side of the fire. The two crews work together to "pinch out" the fire Flanking attack: Only one crew is required. The IC positions the crew on one side of the fire and the crew suppresses it. Which fuel classification includes large brush? - Answer-Heavy fuels: are of a larger diameter than fine fuels. They include large brush, heavy timber, stumps, branches, and dead timber on the ground. A safety zone should be large enough ___________. - Answer-That fire shelters are not needed to prevent injury. Safety zones are areas of refuge you can retreat to where you will not need to use a fire shelter. The size of the zone will be based on the behavior of the fire and your location relative to the fire. A basic guideline is to choose an area that provides a separation of four times the flame height. This guideline is based on a three-person crew on flat ground with no wind. The size of the safety zone would need to be adjusted to take into account wind, location on a slope, and the number of resources.What is the term for the capability of an apparatus to pump water while moving? - Answer-Pump-androll: Small apparatus for fire fighting wildland fires typically carry 200-300 gallons of water. Most such small apparatus have a pump that is powered by a small gasoline or diesel engine, an arrangement that gives the vehicle a pump-and-roll capacity. The distance between fire fighters in a safety zone and the flames should be a minimum of _____ times the flame height. - Answer-A basic guideline is to choose an area that provides a separation of four times the flame height. This guideline is based on a three-person crew on flat ground with no wind. The size of the safety zone would need to be adjusted to take into account wind, location on a slope, and the number of resources. What is another term for aerial fuels? - Answer-Canopy fuels: located more than 6ft above the ground. They usually consist of trees, including tree limbs, leaves and needles on limbs, and moss attached to the tree limbs. Wildland fuels that lie under the surface of the ground are ___________ fuels. - Answer-Subsurface fuels: those fuels located under the ground. Roots, moss, duff, and decomposed stumps are examples of subsurface fuels. Fires involving subsurface fuels are difficult to located and challenging to extinguish. Which type of map details changes in elevation? - Answer-Topographic: which refers to the changes of elevation in the land as well as the positions of natural and human-made features, has a major effect on the behavior of wildland and ground. Natural barriers, such as streams and lakes, may help contain fires. Human-built barriers, such as highways, also make it easier to contain a fire. The maximum diameter of a 1-hour fuel is _________? - Answer-1/4 inch (fine fuel) in diameter or less, consist of grass, leaves, tree moss, and loose surface litter. Fine fuels can absorb or lose moisture very rapidly, and their flammability can change very quickly from no flammability to very high flammability in just a short period of time. Which type of respiratory protection is normally used in wildland firefighting? - Answer-Filter mask that filter out small particles of smoke. Such masks provide a very limited degree of protection and should not be relied upon beyond the limits for which they are approved. SCBA should be used in conditions of heavy smoke and poisonous gases.If a wildland or ground cover fire is too dangerous for a direct attact, which type of fire attack should be used? - Answer-Indirect attack: (similar to a defensive attack on a structure fire) a method of attack in which the control line is located along natural fuel breaks, at favorable breaks in the topography, or at considerable distance from the fire, and the intervening fuel is burned out. (employed when not enough equipment or personnel are available to mount a direct attack) What is the most common type of wildland fire? - Answer-Ground cover: fires that burn loose debris on the surface of the ground. This debris includes vegetation such as grass, as well as dead leaves, needles, and branches that have fallen from shrubs and trees