Exam 1: NR283 / NR 283 (New 2024/2025 Update) Pathophysiology Review with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct | A Grade -Chamberlain

Exam 1: NR283 / NR 283 (New 2024/2025 Update) Pathophysiology Review with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct | A Grade -Chamberlain Define pathophysiological and physiological; what is the difference: Give examples of each Answer: pathophysiological: Study of physical & biological abnormalities occurring due to disease Ex: heart failure is a reduction in the efficiency of the heart muscle physiological: normal functions of living organisms and their parts. Ex: humans heart pumping blood to live QUESTION What are the clinical manifestations and risk factors of Hypernatremia Answer: - Manifestations: -Weakness, agitation -Dry, rough mucous membranes -edema -Increased thirst (if thirst mechanism is functional) -Increased blood pressure Risk Factors: -Imbalance in Na and H2O -Insufficient ADH -Results in large volume of dilute urine -Loss of the thirst mechanism -Watery diarrhea -Prolonged periods of rapid respiration -Ingestion of large amounts of sodium without enough water QUESTION What are the clinical manifestations and risk factors of Hyponatremia Answer: - Manifestations: -Cause fluid imbalance in compartments -Fatigue -muscle cramps -abdominal discomfort -cramps, nausea, vomiting Risk Factors: -losses of fluid from excessive sweating -vomiting -diarrhea QUESTION What are the clinical manifestations and risk factors of Hypokalemia Answer: Man- ifestations: -Cardiac dysrhythmias -Interference with neuromuscular function -Muscles less responsive to stimuli -Paresthesias -Decreased digestive tract motility Risk Factors: -Diarrhea -diuretics -excessive aldosterone -decreased dietary intake QUESTION What are the clinical manifestations an