Ibclc prep (pharmacology and toxicology)questions and answers graded A+ 2024/2025

Ibclc prep (pharmacology and toxicology) Discuss medications and lactation - correct answer Most medications pass into breast milk in small amounts and do not cause harm to newborns. Each medication and it's effect on the newborn have to be considered independently. The age and health of the breastfed infant are also factors. Medication review using a reputable reference can simplify medication choices. It may be recommended that a lactating woman interrupt (pump & dump) or permanently discontinue breastfeeding due to medication therapy. Discuss the prevalence, efficacy, and safety of the use of medicinal herbs during lactation - correct answer Herbal medications are widely used across cultures, and in many cultures, they are the only option. Prevalence of use ranges from 22% to 70%. Often, information regarding the use of medicinal herbs is passed from generation to generation with little investigation into quality, efficacy, or the safety of use. Maternal perception of the safety of medicinal herbs use during lactation remains high regardless of the lack of supporting evidence. Product quality control varies greatly from none to government-controlled standardization. In many instances, quality control is left to the manufacturers, literature review indicates that further investigation of herbal medication use is recommended especially during lactation. Discuss hydrogel pad applications for nipple tenderness and wound healing - correct answer Hydrogel pad applications are an effective means of decreasing nipple discomfort. They keep the nipple moist, protect it from infection, and promote healing. Pads are used to decrease nipple discomfort between feedings and as a cold application. Gel pads are not used in conjunction with lanolin. The pads can be kept in the refrigerator in the original packaging after cleaning with water. Mark the package with the date opened, and replaced manas per the manufacturers instructions or when the pads become cloudy. Evidence has suggested that hydrogel users reported greater relief and required shorter treatment periods than lanolin users. Lanolin users may have a higher risk of infection than hydrogel users List medications of concern or contraindicated during lactation - correct answer These are aap's medications of concern during lactation: -Gold salts(rheumatoid arthritis) ; infant effects: possible facial edema -phenindione (anticoagulation) ; infant: possibly affects homeostasis ; excreted in milk ; alternative(heparin) - Radioactivity pharmaceuticals (diagnostic testing) ;infant: may result in radiation dose to organs ; excreted in milk ; alternatives:none -retinoids/tetracyclines (acne treatment) ; infant effects: topical applications, possible exposure during feeding, dental enamel staining ; alternatives doxycycline, clindamycin, erythromycin. Use of some psychotropic medications such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers, are medications of concern that require careful pediatric follow up List common galactagogues - correct answer Galactagogues are substances used to increase milk production. Examples of non prescribed galactagogues included: brewer's yeast, fennel, lactation teas, lactation cookies. Nonprescription galactagogues' efficacy in human lactation has yet to be demonstrated. Prescription pharmaceuticals have shown some success in increasing milk supplies; however, there are side effects. Examples include the following: metoclopramide, domoeridone, chlorpromazine, sulpride. *frequent nipple/ breast stimulation with frequent milk removal has been demonstrated to be an effective means for increasing the milk supply. Discuss alcohol use and lactation - correct answer Many cultures encourage small amounts of alcohol consumption during lactation ; however, evidence suggests that alcohol consumption has the following adverse effects on lactation: lowers breast milk volume, is present in breast milk at similar levels as