IBHRE PREP EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 GRADED A

PVARP....after a _____ event, refractory for the ______ - ventricle, atrium what is most likely the cause of the under detection of atrial flutter? - p waves falling into PVAB Which two studies showed that RV pacing in patients could lead to more hospitalizations? - DAVID and MOST when are the wedensky effects the greatest - at narrow pulse widths First degree AV block with symptoms of ppm syndrome is what class of indication for pacing - Class IIa Calculation of the wenkbach interval - MTR-TARP What did the ADEPT study show - rate modulation was ineffective in improving the QoL for patients with a brady indication Lead perf percentages in ICD placements - 0.6-5% Class IA drugs that increase pacing thresholds (3) - quinidine, dysopyramid, procainamid class IC drugs that increase pacing thresholds - flecanide, propaferone class 3 drugs that increase pacing thresholds (3) - propaferone, amio, sotalol Osborn or J waves indicate what three things - hypothermia, hypercalcemia, brugada syndrome Sign of WPW syndrome within the QRS - delta wave in the PR interval lead type with the highest rate of perforation - atrial active fix leads MADIT study - icd vs drug therapy. icd reduced mortality by 54% MADITII study - icd VS. no ICD. no need for prior arrythmias. No EP study needed. ICD decreased mortality by 31% SCDHEFT study - ICD decreased mortality in both ICM (21%) and NICM (27), amio had little to no effect on mortality PMOP algorithm - helps reduce reoccurring atrial tach episodes from reoccurring shortly after previous episode has ended rheobase is measured in _____ while chronaxie is measured in _____ - voltage, ms charge is measured in _______. the formula is ______ - microcoloumbs, I(current) x T (pulse duration) constant current = ____ load and ____ impedance - small, low constant voltage= ____ load and ____ impedence - large, high Which is better polyurethane 80A or 55D? - 55D what programming change can you make to help combat PPM syndrome - lower the rate to decrease the RV pacing Clinical manifestations of brugada (2) - ST elevation in V1-V3, RbBB Drugs that increase DFT (4) - lidocaine, quinidine, flecanide, dyapherihydation underlying reasons for Torsades (4) - hypomagnesia, hypokalemia, hypoxia, acidosis most common inherited long QT syndrome - Romano ward upper limit vulnerability - weakest shock strength where VF not induced capacitance is measured in ____ and is the _______ - farads, charge/voltage, measurement of amount of electrical charge stored for given electrical current smaller capacitor = _______ voltage required to deliver an equal charge to the tissue - greater primary endpoint of companion study - risk reduction of CRTD was 36% mortality in ICD group main type of acute infection - staph aureous main type of chronic infection - staph epidermis microvolt t wave alternates - fluctuations in the t wave morphology liked to arrhythmia, you cannot detect on the surface because of such small changes what type of conductor provides the low resistance needed - DFT what type of capacitor provides a high energy density and does not require a reform - wet tantalum hybrid voltage of lithium iodine battery - 2.8V smaller surface area = ______ current density = ______ threshold and ______ impedence - higher, lower, higher hyperkalemia. what type of QT, what happens to threshold, which chamber more sensitive - short QT, peaked T wave, threshold usually starts to decrease than increase, atrium more sensitive Hypokalemia. what type of QT, changes on EKG (3), causes what - long QT, ST depression, flattening T wave, U wave, can cause torsades normal potassium - 3.7-5.2mEq/L, isometric time from electrical deploy of heart to the mechanical systole - pre ejection interval heart rate turbulence - variation of sinus cycle length following a PVC best way to decrease current drain and stim threshold - reduce electrode surface area which compoenent is much susceptible to X-ray and radiation damage in a pacemaker - CMOS benefit of bachman bundle pacing - reduce p wave widths, can benefit patients with interatrial cunduction delays increasing the surface area will have what effect on polarization - decrease the polarization definition of charge - quantity of electricity that has flowed slew raet definition - change in voltage amplitude over time What does CLS measure? - it translates cardiac contractility to heart rate by using CO and mean arterial BP what is modified atrial based timing - will function in atrial based timing. If a PVC, will function as ventricular based timing what is the definition of a near field ICD sensing circuit - tip to ring or tip to RV coil