Cell Signaling in Cancer, DNA Repair and Cancer, Oncogenes and Cancer, Tumor Suppressor Genes, Cell Survival Pathways, Cancer Biology Syllabus Review| Qs & As Latest Update

Cancer progression - The advancement of cancer due to genetic or epigenetic alterations in tumor cells, involving a complex interplay between tumor cells, surrounding non-neoplastic cells, and the extracellular matrix. Oncogenes - Mutated cellular proto-oncogenes that cause hyper-activation of signaling pathways, contributing to cancer progression by changing the tumor microenvironment, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Tumor suppressors - Genes that, when inactivated, eliminate negative regulators of pro-survival signaling, contributing to cancer progression. Cell proliferation - The increase in the number of tumor cells characterized by increased cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, genetic instability, and induction of angiogenesis.