AQA A-LEVEL HISTORY 7042/2A {Component 2A Royal Authority and the Angevin Kings, 1154–1216} QUESTIONS & MARKING SCHEME MERGED|| GRADED A+||

Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From ‘The History of William Marshal’, a biography commissioned by William’s family in the 1220s. William was a knight in Young Henry’s household in the 1170s. Young Henry loved the life of visiting tournaments in whatever lands they were being held; he travelled a lot and spent a lot too, wanting to conduct his life in a manner befitting a king. So when he was almost out of money he let his father know; but his father, hearing this, thought he was being wasteful. The King sent word to Young Henry and his entourage, making it clear that his son’s generosity could not continue. Young Henry was spending far too lavishly! Young Henry was more than a little irritated, and there were plenty of voices around him saying he should confront his father and sort him out – make him do what he wanted, whether he liked it or not! It is a long story, but, in short, the Devil, ever lurking, sowed many a harsh and bitter word between father and son till they came to an open war, which cost the lives of many worthy men. 5 10 Source B From ‘Instructions for a Prince’, by Gerald of Wales, written in King John’s reign. Although a royal clerk in the 1180s, Gerald became disillusioned when not made a bishop. From this detestable wickedness and the horrible crime of the murder of Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, the revolving wheel of King Henry’s fortunes began to turn downwards. The fortune of the King began to decline. His sons, now being grown up, and frequently rising against him, and every day more and more encouraging the affections of the nobility towards themselves, Henry never was able to remain long in any settled state of happiness. For, about two years after the triumphal death of our martyr, Young Henry went over to his father-in-law, Louis, King of France, together with his two brothers, the Counts of Poitou and Brittany and revolted against his father, at the same time having many accomplices amongst the great nobles. In which hopeless conflict King Henry began to be so deeply afflicted that neither he himself, nor anyone else, could ever suppose that his fortunes would rise again. For the hatred of those in the same family is amongst the worst of human plagues. 5 10 3 IB/M/Jun23/7042/2A Turn over ► Source C From the ‘Chronicle of Melrose’, by the monks from Melrose Abbey on the Scottish borders, written at the time of the Great Rebellion. A dispute and a war arose between the parent and the child, between Henry the elder and Henry the younger. Young Henry secretly departed by night to the King of France, induced to take this step in consequence of some annoyances and injuries which he had experienced at the hands of his father. It is said that he did this by the advice of his mother, but of this we are in ignorance; let her see to it and let God judge. Many noble and powerful individuals accompanied Young Henry, and thus the provinces on this side of the sea and beyond it rushed to arms and prepared for battle. Hereupon, William, King of the Scots, hoping that he would find a remedy for old injuries in this new strife, waged a fierce war against his lord, King Henry, following evil counsels. The Scots cruelly destroyed the greater part of Northumberland with fire and with great ferocity put the inhabitants to the sword. 5 10 0 1 With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying the origins of the