CDFM MODULE 1 EXAM REAL EXAM 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS(DETAILED ANSWERS)

CDFM MODULE 1 EXAM REAL EXAM 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS(DETAILED ANSWERS) What prevents Congress and the President from unilaterally making laws and treaties? Separation of Power What give Congress the authority to make laws? Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution Who reviews the constitution for interpretation of the constitution? Supreme Court Who has the power to raise taxes given in Article 1 of the Constitution? Congress (Legislative Branch) What does the Congress of the US consist of? Senate (6 yrs); House (2 yrs) All bills for raising Revenue shall originate where? But the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. House of Representative To be able to override a presidential veto, the House has to have a majority to pass the bill; and if approved, then goes to the Senate for a vote to pass the bill. If approved, the Bill becomes Law. What is the percentage the vote has to pass by in both the House & Senate? 2/3 and 2/3 If any Bill shall not be returned by the President after it has been presented to him, the Same shall be a law. How many days? 10 Days Who has the power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and Excises to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. Congress Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution allows for what? 1) borrow money on credit 2) regulate commerce; 3) Coin money; 4) Constitute Tribunals; 5) Declare War; 6) Raise and support Armies; 7) provide and maintain Navy; 8) Make Rules for Government Regulation of land and naval forces; 9) Provide for calling forth Militia; 10) to make all laws No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in the Consequence of Appropriations made by law. Article 1, Section 9 Once the money officially and legally gets into the Treasury, to be able to use the money, what does Congress have to do? Write a Law Gives executive power to the President to be the Commander in Chief and to execute the laws Article 2 Executive Branch The President has the power to nominate and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint these officials. Name 2? Ambassadors & Supreme Court Judges How often does the President give to Congress the State of the Union (Jan/Feb) time frame. Once year Who and what branch is responsibly for faithfully executing the laws enacted by Congress (Legislative Branch)? President (Executive Branch) The Supreme Court does not deal in the matter of what? State Laws A new Congress convenes for two years following the November general elections, it consists of how many sessions, and each in what duration? 2 sessions; 1 year duration This may originate either in the House of Representatives or in the Senate. There is little practice difference between a bill and a " ", once agree, it goes to the President for signature. Joint Resolution Matters affecting the operation of the House & Senate and both chambers agree, does not go to the President for signature. Concurrent Resolution The House and Senate can each write an matter concerning the operation on its own. Applies to the chamber that created it. Knows as the H.Res & S.Res Simple Resolution During the State of The Union, what message is the President giving? State of Union, recommend measures necessary and expedient Can an Executive Branch Department pass legislation with the approval of OMB and on Behalf of the president, to a congressional committee or subcommittee Yes, but must be approved by OMB Who resolves differences between the HR and the Senate? Conference Committee (Third Chamber) What is usually the first step in the process for consideration by committee? Public Hearing When a Conference Committee is convened dealing with an amendment, what can the conferees do and not do? Only deal with matters in disagreement; cannot insert new matter or leave out matter agreed on The final step after the Conference Committee Resolution after a measure has been passed in identical form by both the House andSenate, it is considered to be what? "Enrolled" (then sent to the president) What was declared unconstitutional in 1998 with respect to Presidential Veto? Line Item Veto If the President Veto a Bill, it is returned to the house of original acting first. If the Bill does not receive 2/3 vote, it is sustained and the bill fails to become law. If it receives the required 2/3 vote, an endorsement to the effect is made on the back of the bill and it is then transmitted, with the accompany message, the to the second house for its action. What has to happen for the Bill to become Law? The next house has to pass it with a 2/3 vote to become law. Who is responsible for the 3 phases of the Budget Cycle? OMB What are the 3 Phases of the Budget Cycle? Budget Formulation, Congressional Action and Budget Execution Who does the Federal budget belong to? The President The Budget Formulation processed is governed by this? OMB Circular A-11 OMB Circular A-11 sets out the promises of the president Presidential Priorities What are the six major steps in the budget formulation process laid out in OMB Circular A-11? 1) OMB Issues guidance; 2) Organization develops draft; 3) Agency submit budget estimates to OMB; 4) OMB hold hearings on Agency Budgets; 5) President makes final decisions on Agency budgets; 6) President transmits the budget to Congress. What organization is responsible for helping the President with spending policy, managing the executive budget, and providing advice an dangles on a broad range of topics? Additional OMB Duties The President is responsible to transmit the budget of the US government to congress NLT when? 1st Monday in February each year Congress she process authorization legislation, which authorizes or allows programs to exist. They also pass appropriations, which provide funding for programs Congressional Action Phase The President signs the bills into law that provides legal budget authority to incur obligations and make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. Appropriation In the Congressional Action Phase, who holds hearing in January in preperation for drafting the concurrent resolution of the budget? Budget Committees Budget Committees this to their respective houses. The resolution sets spending revenue and other budget targets for the upcoming fiscal year. Concurrent Resolution - April of each year This is the process of estimating the budgetary effects of pending legislation and comparing them to a baseline such as a budget resolution or to any limits that may be set in law. Scorekeeping What data does scorekeeping track? budget authority, receipts, outlays, surplus or deficit, and the public debt This resolution fixes new budget authority and outlay target and establishes target for the Gross National Debt, revenues, and surplus/deficit. Budget Resolution This resolution does not require the signature of the President. It is the first step in the Congressional Budget Process. Concurrent Budget Resolution This Bill may not exceed the ceilings set in the CBR w/out a 60% majority vote of the entire congress & CBO monitors for compliance. Annual Appropriation Bill Defense, Military Construction/Veterans Affairs & Energy and Water Defense Relates Appropriations Acts When a statutes language is not clear as written, the best place to go for interpretation of the law is where? Legislative History Who will provide DoDs position on appeal items? SECDEF Amends the budgets submission prior to completion of a congressional act....they have been submitted but not yet processed by congress Budget Amendments Normally transmitted to Congress as requests to provide funds in addition to amounts already appropriated for the ongoing fiscal year. Supplmental Requests What provides budget authority for specific ongoing activities for a specific period of time? Continuing Resolution (CR) Budget authority and the availability of budgetary resources for obligation and expenditure are limited by the following elements. Time, Purpose & Amount The period of time of that the budget resources may incur new obligations is different from the period of time during which budgetary resources may be used to insure expenditures. Time This is distributed by OMB as part of the apportionment process. Budget Authority This process begins with the President's signature on the appropriations bill. Budget Execution Process What is the Form that OSD has to send to OMB to request apportionment within 10 days of the Presenting signing the appropriations bill? SF-132 What does the apportionment provide to the Federal agencies? Obligation Authority OSD/OMB negotiates apportionments (OSD must request apportionment via form SF-132). OMB has 30 days after the appropriations act passage to effect apportionment. Within 10 days of the appropriations Act Financial control document issued by the Treasury Department Appropriation Warrant What devices up the appropriation? Apportionment Apportionment is required by what USC? 31 USC 1512 Apportionment helps to achieve the cost effective and economical use of what? Available Funds It is a violation of law for an agency to incur obligations or make expenditures in excess of what? the amount apportioned The President is required to send a notice to the appropriate commitment. If Congress does not notify the President within 45 days to release the funds, the funds may be what? Deferred (2 USC 684) Funds that are cancelled by congressional action. Rescission Required the system of administrative controls 31 USC 1514 is not required for the operation and maintenance appropriation accounts, revolving funds accounts, or military personnel appropriation accounts, but may be used if cost effective. Commitment Accounting Legal reservation of funds are the amounts of orders places, contracts awarded, services received, and similar transactions during an accounting period that will require payment during the same or future periods. Obligations certification that certifies to the KO purpose, time and amount. The basis for a commitment Fiduciary Certifies vouchers for payments Certifying Officers Appropriates the funds and sends to OMB for apportionment Congress Apportions the funds to the Agencies for execution OMB Responsible for Allots, commits, obligates and outlays the funding Agency funds that have actually been moved from the federal treasury Outlays Who is the primary oversight committee for the DoD programs? HAC & SAC Who's is the head of the Comptroller General? Government Accountability Office (GAO) 1) Budget Formulation, 2) Congressional Review 3) Budget Execution Federal Budget Process The budget formulation is based on performance planning/reporting as required by what? Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) Government budget outlays exceed its budget receipts for any given period