NURS 660 Final Review Exam Study Guide 2024

Screening labs vs. diagnostic screening = asymptomatic diagnostic = Symptoms --> seeking diagnosis Primary Prevention aimed at preventing illness and disease (usually in the history interview portion) strategies include: - healthy diet and exercise - ideal body weight - safe sexual practices - seatbelt use etc. Secondary Prevention Identifying disease at the earliest stage - biometrics - thorough musculoskeletal and cardiovascular exam - Screening tests (eg. duck walk for osgood schlatter, adam forward bend for scoliosis) *Aspirin is only recommended as secondary prevention* tertiary prevention actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages - referral to PT for positive duck walk found to have osgood schlatter When to screen for colonoscopy ages 45-75 every 10 years When to do a PAP 21 -29 every 3 years 30-65 every 5 years with HPV co-testing When to do a mammogram biannually age 50-74 (age 40 if first degree relative) When to screen for lung cancer age 50-80 with 20 pack year smoking history (or quit within the last 15 years) When to screen for AAA ultrasound men 65-75 who have ever smoked (1 time screening) when to do a dexa scan 65+ or sooner if increased risk using a risk calculator ( low BMI, ETOH, cigarettes, steroids, hx of fractures in the last year) - once every two years When to start statins: age 40-75 with at least one CVD risk factor and >10% ASCVD risk factor when do patients qualify for bariatric surgery BMI>40 (non-diabetics) BMI >35 (diabetics) What are drusen spots small, round, yellow-white spots on the outer retina, scattered and diffuse - Protein and fat deposits in eye (fundoscopic exam) yellow spots Papilledema swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disk (due to increased ICP --- most commonly from HTN*** - cloudy moon **Not a sharp disk macular degeneration central vision loss most common type of oral cancer squamous cell carcinoma (tongue) most common type of skin cancer basal cell carcinoma Asthma Treatment SABA are no longer 1st tier ICS/formoterol are first line (if using both use albuterol first then ICS) ICS = Budesonide - Rinse mouth after ICS - Severe asthma exacerbations = ORAL Steroids NEW treatment regiment ICS/SABA combination use as a rescue inhaler only Step 1/2 - ICS/formoterol as needed