ANCC PMHNP Exam Prep Questions with correct Answers

ANCC PMHNP Exam Prep Questions with correct Answers mesocortical pathway - Answer ️️ -executive function: attention, focus, depression nigrostriatal pathway - Answer ️️ -from substantia nigra (brainstem) to striatum (muscles): Parkinson's mesolimbic pathway - Answer ️️ -projects to nucleus accumbens (part of limbic system). Pleasure, reward, positive symptoms of schizophrenia: Addiction, gambling Tuberoinfundibular pathway - Answer ️️ -regulation of prolactin (acts on pituitary). Hypersexuality in mania Dopamine - Answer ️️ -produced in substania nigra and VTA. D2 & D4 receptors most important. Elevated in the mesolimbic pathway associated with pleasure and psychosis. Antispychotics block dopamine. travels through mesocoritcal, mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and tuberinfundibular pathways Serotonin - Answer ️️ -5-HT. produced in raphe nucleus. emotion, impulses, dreams. 5HT2A receptors = atypical antipsychotics. Norepinephrine - Answer ️️ -produced in locus coeruleus. arousal and vigilance GABA - Answer ️️ -inhibitory. produces calm in conjunction with benzodiazepines. ACTH - Answer ️️ -motor control, learning, memory, sleep, and dreams. Helps with balance. Decrease in Alzheimer's disease hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) - Answer ️️ -CRH, ACTH, then cortisol. Worsens with stress and depression hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) - Answer ️️ -TRH, TSH, T4. Hypothyroid causes depression, weight gain, slow metabolism. Hyperthyroid is opposite. hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) - Answer ️️ -GnRH, FSH, LH. Malfunctions cause infertility problems. gray matter - Answer ️️ -neurons are found frontal lobe - Answer ️️ -executive function, voluntary movement, speech (Broca's area) Temporal lobe - Answer ️️ -memory, cognition, speech, emotions (aka limbic area) parietal lobe - Answer ️️ -receive and process sensory input Wernicke's area - Answer ️️ -temporal and parietal lobes; speech amygdala - Answer ️️ -fear response. hippocampus - Answer ️️ -memory. Make up limbic system with amydgala HIPAA - Answer ️️ -1. education about privacy protection, 2. access to own medical records, 3. request amendment to health information to which they object, 4. require permission for disclosure of medical issues forensic nursing - Answer ️️ -based on crime committed and investigational aspects correctional nursing - Answer ️️ -offender's current mental health and medical condition research utilization process - Answer ️️ -critique, synthesize, apply, measure PICO question - Answer ️️ -patient, intervention, comparison, outcome internal validity - Answer ️️ -when the independent variable (treatment) caused a change in the dependent variable (outcome) external validity - Answer ️️ -when the sample is representative of the population and the results can be generalized descriptive statistics - Answer ️️ -used to describe the basic features of the data in the study standard deviation - Answer ️️ -indication of the possible deviations from the mean variance - Answer ️️ -how the values are dispersed around the mean - the larger the variance, the larger the dispersion of scores inferential statistics - Answer ️️ -numerical value that enable one to reach conclusions that extend beyond immediate data alone - generated by quantitative research designs t-test - Answer ️️ -assess whether means of 2 groups are statistically different from each other ANOVA - Answer ️️ -analysis of variance - tests difference of 3 or more groups Pearson's r-correlation - Answer ️️ -relationship between 2 variables probability - Answer ️️ -0-1: likelihood of an event occurring p value - Answer ️️ -level of significance: describes the probability of a particular result occurring by chance alone HOPE - Answer ️️ -sources of hope, organized religion, personal spirituality, effects on medical care/end of life OLDCARTS for HPI - Answer ️️ -onset, location, duration, character, alleviating/aggravating factors, radiation, time of occurrence, severity Cranial Nerves - Answer ️️ -Olfactory, optic, ocular motor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, acoustic, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory spinal, hypoglossal dysdiadochokinesia - Answer ️️ -inability to perform rapid alternating movements (finger to thumb), cerebellar lesion astereognosis - Answer ️️ -inability to distinguish objects (such as paperclip) based on touch, parietal lesion Free T4 - Answer ️️ -0.8-2.8 TSH - Answer ️️ -0.4-0.5 - decreases when T3 & T4 are high, increases when T3 & T4 are low. Elevated in primary hypothyroidism. Values may decrease with aspirin, steroids, and heparin. Values may increase with lithium. calcium - Answer ️️ -8.8-10.5. 99% found in bone. major cation for bones and teeth. higher in kids because of bone growth. sodium - Answer ️️ -135-148 magnesium - Answer ️️ -1.3-2.1. chloride - Answer ️️ -98-10