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Sumario Alteraciones de la Presión Arterial Resúmenes de Guías de Practica Clínica

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Resúmenes de Guías de práctica Clínica acerca de alteraciones de la presión arterial para el ENARM -Hipertension Arterial -Emergencia Hipertensiva -Hipotensión Ortostatica

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ALTERACIONES DE LA PRESION ARTERIAL
HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL SISTEMICA ..................................................2
CRISIS HIPERTENSIVA ..............................................................................................8
HIPOTENSION ORTOSTATICA........................................................................11

, 2


HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL
SISTEMICA
DEFINICIÓN:

Es un síndrome de etiología múltiple persistente
caracterizado por elevación de la presión arterial > 140/90
mmHg después de un examen repetido en el consultorio.
Es producto del incremento de resistencia vascular
periférica y daño vascular sistémico.

Es de etiología desconocida, sin embargo, se relacionan
factores genéticos y ambientales:

• Primaria: Esencial o idiopática, representa el 95%
• Secundaria: Causa principal: Enfermedad renal
crónica

En adultos de más de 65 años de edad y con HAS
secundaria, las principales causas son:

• Enfermedad renovascular ateroesclerótica
• Enfermedad del parénquima renal
• Enfermedad Tiroidea
• Síndrome de Cushing



EPIDEMIOLOGIA:

• La hipertensión arterial es el factor de riesgo
modificable más común para enfermedad
cardiovascular y muerte.
• La prevalencia general de hipertensión fue de 32.3% en América Latina,
entre ellos la prevalencia en México es de 39.1%
• La prevalencia de HTA aumenta con la edad y alcanza un 60% pasados los
60 años y un 75% pasando los 75 años.
• 25.5 millones de personas en México tienen HAS y solo un 60% sabe que tiene
HAS, solo la mitad toma medicamentos y de estos la mitad tienen cifras de
control (<140/90 mmHg)

FACTORES DE RIESGO:

➔ Edad > 40 años
➔ Obesidad: disminuir 5.1kg reduce la presión arterial sistémica 4.4 mmHg y
PAD 3.6 mmHg respectivamente

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Uploaded on
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