NUR265 / NUR 265 Exam 1 (Latest 2024 / 2025 Update): Advanced Concepts of Medical–Surgical Nursing | Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct - Galen

Exam 1: NUR265 / NUR 265 (Latest 2024 / 2025 Update) Advanced Concepts of Medical–Surgical Nursing Exam Review | Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct - Galen Q: What is cirrhosis? Answer: An extensive, irreversible scarring of the liver. Q: What are common causes of cirrhosis? Answer: -ETOH -Viral hepatitis (HEP C) - Autoimmune hepatitis -Drugs and chemicals (aetaminophen or anything else hepatotoxic) Q: What are early S/S of cirrhosis? Answer: -Enlarged liver -Fatigue -Weight loss -Anorexia -N/V -Abdominal pain -dry skin -brusing -spinder angioma -fector hep (funky breath) Q: What are end stage S/S of cirrhosis? Answer: -Ascites -Small liver -clotting disorder (bruising, GI bleed) -Jaundice -Elevated ammonia levels (give Lactulose) -Hepatic encephalopathy -Decreased bile production Q: What are the stages of hepatic encephalopathy? Answer: -Stage 1: personality changes, subtle things that may not be recognized -Stage 2: Continuing mental changes, mental confusion, disorientation to time, place, and person -Stage 3: Marked mental confusion, progressive deterioration -Stage 4: metabolic acidosis, unresponsiveness leading to death in most patients, unarousable Q: What causes hepatic encephalopathy? Answer: The buildup of ammonia in the body Q: Describe the physical assessment of an end stage cirrhosis patient. Answer: -Ascites -Jaundice -Coagulation problems -Fatigue -Spider angiomas -Petechiae -Liver flaps (asterixis) Q: What is a Blake-Moore tube used for? Answer: Esophageal Varices Q: Describe a paracentesis. Answer: -A procedure that is needed to get rid of the fluid in the abdomen -Have the pt. void before the procedure (ensures the bladder is out of the way and wont get punctured) -Patient is positioned in fowlers position in bed Q: What are the treatments for cirrhosis? Answer: Transplant is the only cure! Q: Describe the diet for a patient with cirrhosis. Answer: -Small frequent meals -High carbs -High protein -Moderate fats -Moderate vitamins Q: What medications are given to patients with cirrhosis? Answer: -Diuretics -PPI or H blockers -Broad spectrum antibiotics -FFP-coags -Platelets thrombocytopenia -lactulose Q: Describe acute pancreatitis. Answer: A serious and at times life threatening inflammation of the pancreas. It is caused by premature ativation of excessive pancreatic enzymes that destroy tissues and pancreatic cells (basically the pancreas starts digesting itself) Q: What are causes of acute pancreatitis? Answer: -Choleylithiasis -Trauma to pancreas -Chronic ETOH consumption -Toxic drugs Q: What are signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis? Answer: -Middle epigastric/left upper quadrant -Boring pain that doesn't radiate, but rather goes through their body -Sudden onset -Radiates to back, left shoulder, and flank area -Jaundice- due to bilirubin increase