CPNRE chapter 9 - nursing care of the aging adult 2024

CPNRE chapter 9 - nursing care of the aging adult 2024 nursing roles/care of the older adult -Answer-1. care provider -focus on maintaining optimal state of health -focus on prevention of problems, promoting healthy lifestyle, managing symptoms 2. educator -maintaining health, incr public awareness of problems affecting older population 3. data collection -assess need for services 4. patient advocate -ensure rights of older adult preserved with health care, treatment, end of life care 7 principles of growth and development -Answer-1. orderly/sequential processes 2. sequence predictable but highly individualized 3. cephalocaudal (head down) 4. proximodistal (centre out) 5. simple to complex 6. certain stages more critical than others 7. pace uneven -> greatest growth at infancy 7 factors affecting growth and development -Answer-1. genetic 2. health 3. nutrition 4. environment 5. culture 6. family 7. temperament sociological theories of aging -Answer-1. disengagement 2. activity 3. continuity/development 4. passages disengagement theory -Answer--mutual withdrawal between older adults/society -engagement seen as devotion -supports leisure as form of activity -respects individual initiated withdrawal activity theory -Answer-the more active older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives continuity theory -Answer-people try to maintain same basic structure throughout their lives -as they age, they make decisions to adapt to external/internal changes of envt -ense of inferiority develops if continuity is disrupted passage theory -Answer-life cycle changes can be identified, predicted, planned for and managed biological theories of aging -Answer-1. wear and tear 2. collagen 3. lipofuscin accumulation (type of free radical) 4. immunological responses 5. cell death of genetic programming 6. free radical 7. mutation and error 8. cross link theory 9. neuroendocrine-immunological wear and tear theory -Answer--stress/use depletes body cells of ability to repair -aging results from stress/damage not chronological age collagen theory -Answer--most abundant protein held by molecules -chemical reactions cause switching of bonds that hold the molecules resulting in structural changes that lead to aging lipofuscin theory -Answer--age pigments that are insoluble end products of cell metabolism -when they accumulate they alter the ability of cell to function normally immunological responses theory -Answer--aging is autoimmune disease -cells change/body doesnt recognize own cells -autoimmune responses damage cells and cause cell death cell death of genetic programming theory -Answer--cell reproduction is programmed -biological clock is ticking -programming determines rate/time at which a member of a given species ages/dies free radical theory -Answer--byproducts of cellular activty cause cell errors -smog, ozone, pesticides, radiation, gas incr production of free radicals -antioxidants (vit ACE) reduce free radical activity -damage from free radicals faster than rate cells can repair themselves -> cell death mutation and error theory -Answer--cell division errors occur progressively over time -> radiation a contributing factor -mutated cells altered in function/effectiveness -error theory expands on mutation theory to include errors in interpretation of cell messages cross link theory -Answer-1. proteins in body stiffen -> link with sugar in presence of O2 2. skin dries/less elastic 3. vessels dont expand/contract neuroendocrine-immunological theory -Answer--programmed cell death from free radical damage -cells lose ability to regenerate -reduce T cells that protect body against antigens psychological theories -Answer-erikson -integrity vs despair -elder that views their life as having no meanin