ATI Pharmacology Exam Review Questions and Answers.

ATI Pharmacology Exam Review Questions and Answers. Rocephin belongs to what class of anti-infectives? - 3rd generation cephalosporin Rocephin, as a cephalosporin, is contraindicated in pts. with an allergy to this class of antiinfectives - penicillin valporic acid (Depakene) indicated for - seizures valporic acid (Depakene) may carry adverse side effects such as - thrombocytopenia, prolonged bleeding time, life-threatening hepatotoxicity valporic acid (Depakene) may have toxic effects on this organ - liver (hepatotoxicity) chlorothiazide (Diuril) puts one at risk of this electrolyte imbalance - hypokalemia (thiazide diuretic) lactulose (Cephulac) is a laxative given to promote the excretion of - ammonia What doe lactulose (Cephulac) do? - discourages growth of bacteria, traps ammonia in the gut, expels ammonia from the colon What happens to ammonia levels in liver failure? - ammonia levels increase in liver failure due to inability to convert to urea toxic megacolon is - a condition characterized by paralysis of colonic peristalsis resulting in rapid dilatation of the bowel -- the bowel gets bigger as feces is trapped; symptoms include tachycardia, fever, abd tenderness/cramping, reduction/cessation of diarrhea filgastrim (Neupogen) is used with clients who have this decreased count on their CBC - neutrophils proteinuria is related to what type of toxicity? - nephrotoxicity gentamicin sulface (Garamycin) is related to this type of toxicity - nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity metoclopramide (Reglan) is used to - control vomiting associated with chemotherapy, postop vomiting. Promotes gastric emptying. ATI Pharmacology Exam Review Questions and Answers tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is used in tx of breast cancer; it belongs to this class of drugs: - antiestrogenic, antineoplastics. It is only used for tumors that are estrogen-dependent for growth amantadine (Symmetrel) belongs to what class of drugs used to treat extrapyramidal side effects - antiparkinsonian drugs Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) belongs to which therapeutic classes - antihistamines, sedative/hypnotics This is a common side effect of hydroxyzine (Vistaril) - Dry mouth Why return TPN to pharmacy when noticing a marked separation of oil droplets from rest of solution? - This is called cracking of lipid emulsion, and renders the solution unusable. Does bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol) have anti-infective properties against H. pylori? - Yes What common GI disorder is caused by H. pylori? - Peptic ulcer disease Should glucocorticoids be taken on an empty stomach? - No, because they can cause severe GI distress and lead to ulcer formation. Increased GI bleeding risk with NSAIDS Name an acceptable means of reducing the side effects of long term oral glucocorticoid therapy - Schedule the medication on alternate days Why avoid tricyclic antidepressants during pregnancy? - They are associated with fetal anomalies, especially during the first trimester Amitriptyline (Elavil) is what type of medication? - Tricyclic antidepressant Risedronate (Actonel) - Bisphosphonate used in osteoporosis; take first thing in morning with glass water at least 30 mins prior to eating Streptomycin and furosemide taken together increase the risk for this type of toxicity - Ototoxicity This medication is used in atrial fibrillation - Propranolol (INDERAL) When the Alpha1 receptors are activated, what response is expected? - activation of receptors in arterioles of skin, viscera, and mucous membranes, and veins lead to VASOCONSTRICTION When the Beta1 receptors are activated, what response is expected? - Heart stimulation leads to increased HR, increase myocardial contractility, and increased rate of conduction through the AV node When the Beta2 receptors are activated, what response is expected? - Activation of receptors in the arterioles of the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscles lead to VASODILATION; bronchial stimulation leads to BRONCHODILATION; activation of receptors in uterine smooth muscle causes relaxation; activation of receptors in liver cause glycogenolysis; skeletal muscle receptor activation leads to muscle contraction When the dopamine receptors are activated, what response is expected? - activation of receptors in the kidney cause the renal blood vessels to dilate Glipizide (Glucotrol) is... - ...an oral hypoglycemic agent. Glipizide lowers blood glucose levels primarily by stimulating pancreatic islet cells to release insulin Lisinopril (Zestril) is... - ...classified as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (pharmacologic action) and an antihypertensive (therapeutic use) This drug carries a high risk of cardiotoxicity, and specifically manifests as dysrhythmias: - Digoxin (Lanoxin). Hypokalemia places clients on digoxin at greater risk for digoxin toxicity. What can tetracycline do to teeth? - Tetracyclines can stain developing teeth and should not be administered to children under 8 years of age Why does one need to be cautious when using vancomycin? - Vancomycin (Vancocin) is excreted unchanged in the kidneys and should be used cautiously for clients who have renal impairment. Define a stat prescription: - A stat prescription is only administered once, and it is administered immediately.