Geography AQA GCSE PAPER 1

Natural Hazard - A natural hazard is a natural process which could cause death, injury or disruption to humans, or destroy proprty or posesions. Natural disaster - A natural hzard that has actualy happened Geological hazards - Caused by kand and tectonic processes Meteorological hazards - Caused by weather and climate Factors affecting hazard risk - Urbanisation, poverty, development, climate change Tectonic plates - Slabs of the Earth's crust Continental crust - thicker and less dense Oceanic crust - thinner and more dense Tectonic plate movement - caused by convection currents underneath the Earth's crust Destructive plate - Two plates moving towards one another, oceanic plate subducts under continental plate and friction causes melting of oceanic plate, triggers earthquake Constructive plates - Two plates move apart, magma forces way along gap and causes earthquake, erupted lava cools and forms volcano Conservative plate - Two plates moving alongside, friction can send shockwaves causing earthquakes Earthquake causes - two plates 'jerking' past each other the focus - the point in the Earth the earthquake starts Epicentre - the point on the Earth' surface straight above the focus Where are volcanoes found - At destructive and constructive plate marhgins Where are earthquakes found - At all three types of plate margin Earthquake Primary effects - buildings and bridges collapse people are injured or killed Roads are destroyed Earthquake Secondary effects - Can trigger landslides, tsunamis = destruction homeless can die from the cold Leaking gas can start fires Earthquake Immediate responses - Rescue people trapped by collapsed buildings and treat injured people Recover dead bodies to prevent spread of disease