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Pharmacology Clear and Simple 4th Edition
by Watkins, Chapter 1 - 21

TEST BANK

,Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1. HISTORY OF PHARMACOLOGY .................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 2: BASICS OF PHARMACOLOGY ..................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER 3: PATIENT SAFETY IN MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION ....................................... 31
CHAPTER 4: REGULATIONS................................................................................................................ 37
CHAPTERS 5 PRESCRIPTIONS ........................................................................................................... 52
CHAPTERS 6 BASIC MATH .................................................................................................................. 52
CHAPTERS 7 MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS .......................................................................................... 52
CHAPTERS 8 DOSAGE CALCULATIONS ........................................................................................... 52
CHAPTER 9: ENTERAL MEDICATIONS AND ADMINISTRATION................................................ 66
CHAPTER 10: PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS AND ADMINISTRATION...................................... 73
CHAPTER 11: INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM MEDICATIONS .......................................................... 84
CHAPTER 12: MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM MEDICATIONS ..................................................... 93
CHAPTER 13: NERVOUS SYSTEM MEDICATIONS ...................................................................... 105
CHAPTER 14. EYE AND EAR MEDICATIONS................................................................................. 118
CHAPTER 15. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM MEDICATIONS .................................................................. 125
CHAPTER 16. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM MEDICATIONS...................................................... 131
ANTIARRHYTHMIC MEDICATIONS .................................................................................................. 143
ANTIANGINAL MEDICATIONS .......................................................................................................... 157
ANGINA & ANTIANGINAL MEDICATIONS ..................................................................................... 171
BLOOD PRESSURE............................................................................................................................... 185
CHAPTER 17 IMMUNOLOGICAL SYSTEM MEDICATIONS ......................................................... 200
CHAPTER 18: PULMONARY SYSTEM MEDICATIONS ................................................................. 214
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT MEDICATIONS ............................................................................. 231
CHAPTER 19. GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM MEDICATIONS .................................................. 246
PART 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 246
CHAPTER 19. GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM MEDICATIONS .................................................. 260
PART 2 .................................................................................................................................................... 260
CHAPTER 20: REPRODUCTIVE AND URINARY SYSTEMS MEDICATIONS ............................ 274
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE MEDICATIONS....................................................................................... 274
MALE REPRODUCTIVE MEDICATIONS ........................................................................................... 291
URINARY TRACT................................................................................................................................... 305
CHAPTER 21: HERBS, VITAMINS, AND MINERALS.................................................................... 320

,CHAPTER 1. HISTORY OF PHARMACOLOGY
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
1. A nurse in the radiology department administers iodine-based contrast for a CT
scan, an oncology nurse administers chemotherapy, and a public health nurse
administers an MMR (measles–mumps–rubella) vaccine to a toddler. These actions
illustrate which branch of pharmacology?
A. Pharmacoeconomics
B. Pharmacotherapeutics
C. Pharmacodynamics
D. Pharmacokinetics

Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacotherapeutics (clinical pharmacology) involves the use of
drugs to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. The radiology nurse gives contrast
to aid diagnosis, the oncology nurse administers chemotherapy to treat cancer, and
the public health nurse gives a vaccine to prevent infection.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
2. A patient with severe injuries from a motor vehicle accident has been prescribed
intramuscular morphine every 4 hours as needed for pain. Morphine is recognized
for its high abuse potential. Into which schedule does morphine fall?
A. Schedule I
B. Schedule II
C. Schedule III
D. Schedule IV

Answer: B
Rationale: Morphine is a Schedule II controlled substance because it has a high
potential for abuse and can cause severe dependence, yet it also has legitimate
medical uses.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

,3. A new drug is in phase III clinical trials on a large patient population. Which
nursing responsibility is most important during this phase?
A. Selecting volunteers who will receive the drug
B. Monitoring patients in animal-based research
C. Observing and documenting patient responses
D. Determining the effectiveness of the drug independently

Answer: C
Rationale: During phase III, patients take the medication in a wider clinical
setting. Nurses play a key role by closely monitoring therapeutic and adverse
responses, then reporting significant findings.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
4. When substituting a generic medication for a brand-name product, which related
concept should the nurse be most aware of?
A. Bioavailability
B. Critical concentration
C. Distribution
D. Half-life

Answer: A
Rationale: Bioavailability refers to the amount of the drug that reaches systemic
circulation and is available to act. Differences in inactive ingredients (binders) can
affect how quickly the active component is released and absorbed.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
5. While reviewing a patient’s home medication list, the nurse asks about
prescription drugs. What is the next priority question?
A. “Which of them are generic medications?”
B. “Do any qualify as orphan drugs?”
C. “Are these drugs approved during pregnancy?”
D. “Do you use any over-the-counter products?”

, Answer: D
Rationale: Patients frequently do not list or mention nonprescription remedies,
such as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs or supplements, which can interact with
prescription medications or mask symptoms.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
6. A nursing student completes a pharmacology course and is now administering
medications. What is the best guidance regarding future practice?
A. The nurse has learned everything needed for safe medication use.
B. Use memorized facts from the course and rely on them for 5 years.
C. Know general principles and consult current references for specifics.
D. Memorize all classifications to avoid looking them up again.

Answer: C
Rationale: A solid pharmacological foundation is essential, but drugs and
guidelines change frequently. Ongoing reference checks are crucial for accurate and
up-to-date medication administration.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
7. A pregnant adult is prescribed a Category B medication. Which interpretation of
pregnancy Category B is most accurate?
A. Adequate studies in pregnant women show no fetal risk.
B. Animal studies have shown no fetal risk, but no adequate human studies exist.
C. Animal studies show fetal risk with no adequate studies in humans.
D. Evidence of human fetal risk exists, but benefits may justify use.

Answer: B
Rationale: Category B drugs have shown no fetal harm in animal studies, but
there have not been sufficient, well-controlled studies in pregnant women.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

,8. A patient is being discharged and is told to use over-the-counter (OTC)
medications for minor ailments. Which statement by the patient indicates correct
understanding of OTC drug use?
A. “They are totally safe when taken as directed.”
B. “Because they’re unregulated, I should avoid them.”
C. “They are cheaper and completely different from prescription drugs.”
D. “They can be harmful if I do not follow the instructions.”

Answer: D
Rationale: Although OTC medicines are available without prescription, misuse or
overuse can result in serious complications. Patients must follow label directions
closely.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
9. A nurse wants detailed medication information, including nursing implications
and teaching points, in one resource. Which reference is typically most useful?
A. Drug Facts and Comparisons
B. A nurse’s drug handbook
C. The drug’s package insert
D. The Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR)

Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses’ drug handbooks are specifically organized to provide easy
access to nursing implications, patient teaching tips, dosages, and other practical
details.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
10. A multidose vial’s label is soiled, and only the drug name is visible. What should
the nurse do?
A. Discard the vial and get a new supply.
B. Re-create a label using a reliable drug reference.
C. Ask another staff member to confirm the missing information.

, D. Administer the medication if the name is recognizable.

Answer: A
Rationale: If any part of the label is illegible, the safest action is to discard the
entire container and obtain a replacement to avoid dosing or identification errors.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
11. A nurse wants a deeper understanding of how drugs affect the body’s tissues
and organs to guide effective practice. Which concept best covers this focus?
A. Pharmacoeconomics
B. Pharmacotherapeutics
C. Pharmacodynamics
D. Pharmacokinetics

Answer: C
Rationale: Pharmacodynamics studies how drugs interact with body systems,
producing physiologic or biochemical changes essential to understanding
therapeutic and adverse effects.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
12. An older adult says, “I’m not worried about side effects because I always follow
the directions exactly.” Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. “Following directions ensures you’ll never experience side effects.”
B. “Side effects can still happen even if you take the drug properly.”
C. “If you take drugs routinely, your body develops tolerance and no side
effects.”
D. “Side effects only occur if you exceed the recommended dose.”

Answer: B
Rationale: Even when taken according to official recommendations, medications
can lead to adverse or unexpected effects.

,────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
13. After the nurse administers a medication, what primarily needs close
monitoring?
A. Preexisting conditions
B. Drug allergies
C. The drug’s effects
D. Pregnancy status

Answer: C
Rationale: Following administration, the top priority is observing and assessing
the patient’s therapeutic response and potential adverse reactions to the
medication.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
14. A nurse finds a drug handbook last updated four years ago. Which step is most
appropriate before administering a newly prescribed medication not listed in that
text?
A. Trust the older handbook if it contains a related drug.
B. Consult the pharmacist only if something seems unclear.
C. Use an experienced nurse’s advice.
D. Review a more recent and reliable drug reference.

Answer: D
Rationale: Medication guidelines evolve regularly; utilizing an updated reference
is essential to ensure safe dosing, contraindications, and interactions.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
15. Which action is the nurse’s primary responsibility before a patient is discharged
to self-administer medications at home?
A. Provide thorough teaching about how and when to take each drug.
B. Offer personal contact information if questions arise.
C. Supply samples to cover all medications until the next visit.

, D. Recommend over-the-counter drugs for adverse effects.

Answer: A
Rationale: Patient education on correct administration, drug schedule, and signs
of potential adverse effects is vital for safe home medication use.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
16. When a patient asks how drugs are thoroughly tested before being marketed,
which agency should the nurse mention as the primary regulator in the United
States?
A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
B. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
C. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
D. The Joint Commission (TJC)

Answer: C
Rationale: The FDA oversees and regulates the research, development, approval,
and marketing of drugs, ensuring safety and efficacy standards are met before
public availability.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
17. During phase I research into a new medication, a woman asks why only healthy
male participants are typically chosen. The nurse’s best response is:
A. “Men usually have fewer adverse effects than women.”
B. “It helps avoid potential harm to a woman’s reproductive cells or future
pregnancies.”
C. “Only men volunteer to participate in early research trials.”
D. “These trials require older adults who are mostly male.”

Answer: B

, Rationale: Phase I studies usually involve healthy adult males to reduce the
possibility of harming female ova, which can lead to unanticipated fetal effects if
the woman becomes pregnant.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
18. A patient asks whether a medication still in preclinical testing can be prescribed.
Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A. “Yes, you can request it by completing specific forms.”
B. “No, such experimental drugs are only tested on animals at this stage.”
C. “Yes, but only if you enroll in a phase III trial.”
D. “No, these drugs are tested only on older adult volunteers initially.”

Answer: B
Rationale: During the preclinical phase, potential drugs are tested in laboratory
animals. Medications cannot be prescribed to humans until they progress beyond
animal studies and into clinical trials.

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
19. During a phase III trial, a serious adverse effect emerges that was previously
unknown. The patient asks, “How could this effect not be discovered sooner?”
Which nurse response is best?
A. “Sometimes profit motives prevent full disclosure of drug problems.”
B. “Your reaction will be reported so the regulatory authorities can evaluate
safety further.”
C. “All major problems emerge only after the drug is widely sold.”
D. “We are not allowed to share this information with anyone else.”

Answer: B
Rationale: Phase III research enrolls much larger groups, which can reveal
adverse effects that did not appear in earlier, smaller phases. Newly identified
serious reactions must be reported to authorities like the FDA.

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Exam (elaborations)

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