AQA A-level GEOGRAPHY 7037/2 Paper 2 Human geography Version: 1.0 Final A-level GEOGRAPHY Paper 2 Human GeographyQUESTION PAPER & MARKING SCHEME/ [MERGED] Marl( scheme June 2023

AQA A-level GEOGRAPHY 7037/2 Paper 2 Human geography Version: 1.0 Final A-level GEOGRAPHY Paper 2 Human Geography Insert This insert contains:  Figures 1a and 1b for use with Question 1  Figures 2a and 2b for use with Question 1  Figures 4a and 4b for use with Question 2  Figure 5 for use with Question 3  Figures 6a and 6b for use with Question 3  Figure 7 for use with Question 4  Figures 9a and 9b for use with Question 5  Figures 10a and 10b for use with Question 5. G/KL/Jun23/E4 7037/2 2 G/Jun23/7037/2 Figure 1a The economic assets and liabilities of selected countries in 2016 – 500 – 300 – 100 Per cent of GDP, 2016 100 0 300 500 700 Portugal Key Total assets (eg infrastructure, government money in bank, financial investments, natural resources) Total liabilities (all debt owed by the country, including the government, businesses and corporations) Net worth – overall balance of the economy Government debt – money owed by government only and excluding private debt Government debt level not available UK The Gambia France El Salvador Germany USA Brazil Uganda Japan Kenya India Finland Canada Colombia Tunisia Turkey New Zealand Indonesia South Korea South Africa Peru Australia Kazakhstan Russia Norway China* 3 G/Jun23/7037/2 Turn over 8 Figure 1b The total debt in NEEs (Newly Emerging Economies) and LICs (Low Income Countries) between 1970 and 2019 0 Year 2019 20 40 60 100 120 140 160 180 Per cent of GDP Key Total debt 80 Government debt Private debt 4 G/Jun23/7037/2 Figure 2a Workers in a shoe factory in Vietnam supplying TNCs Figure 2b A newspaper article about a workers’ protest in a TNC footwear factory in Vietnam in 2018 Thousands strike at TNC shoe factory in Vietnam Thousands of Vietnamese workers at a major footwear factory were on strike for a sixth day on Wednesday over a social insurance law in a rare challenge to government policy. The workers continued the peaceful strike in the factory’s compound under a heavy police presence. They were protesting a new law, which comes into effect next year and says that workers will get a social insurance monthly allowance when they retire instead of getting a one-time payment if they resign. The striking workers said that if they quit earlier, they would have to wait until their retirement to get the allowance, and they prefer the lump sum to pay for their daily needs while seeking new jobs. Vietnam is hit by several hundred labour strikes a year, but they are mostly over poor working conditions and low pay. Protests over government policies are rare. Nearly 70 per cent of Vietnam’s population of 90 million are under 40, providing a major workforce for many transnational companies. 5 G/Jun23/7037/2 Turn over 8 Figure 4a The Albert Docks, Liverpool, a working port in 1885 Figure 4b The Albert Docks, Liverpool, a shopping and entertainment area in 2021 6 G/Jun23/7037/2 Figure 5 GDP per capita and the percentage of total population living in urban areas in selected countries in 2016 0 600 GDP per capita ($) 20 40 60 Per cent of total population living in urban areas 80 100 000 Singapore Argentina Iran 000 Key Africa Asia Europe North America South America Haiti Niger Ethiopia Mali Japan Sweden Mexico Brazil South Africa Italy Poland Germany Indonesia Honduras China Nigeria Morocco Egypt Peru Spain Russia India Sri Lanka Vietnam Kenya Cambodia Burkina Faso Zimbabwe Cuba USA El Salvador Liberia Democratic Republic of Congo 7 G/Jun23/7037/2 Turn over 8 Figure 6a Photochemical pollution over Mexico City in 2013 Figure 6b A 2016 report about Mexico City’s pollution reduction policies How Mexico City slashed air pollution levels by half Red alerts, curfews and health crises resulting from air too hazardous to breathe – for those who lived in Mexico City in the 80s and 90s, the recent pollution problems are all too familiar. Back then, lead, ozone, carbon and sulphur were so rife in the atmosphere that some even suggested they were causing birds to fall out of the sky. For the first time in 14 years, unusually high levels of ozone in the valley around Mexico City, have led authorities to activate an environmental contingency plan, restricting vehicle use and ordering factories to limit greenhouse gas emissions by up to 40%. In 1989, the city government introduced the Cars Don’t Circulate (Hoy No Circula) programme, which restricts the use of a fifth of all vehicles on rotating days between Monday and Friday, depending on the last number on a vehicle’s registration plate. In 2001 and 2011, a strategy called Proaire began to monitor particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5) and 10 micrometres (PM10) and a system of warnings for when levels of ozone or particles were so high they were dangerous to human health. Warnings advised citizens to stay indoors during the day and restrict vehicle use. The Proaire package of reforms managed to bring Mexico City’s air pollution down from a dangerously high rating of 300 on its Air Quality Index in the 80s, to more recent averages of less than 150. 8 G/Jun23/7037/2 Figure 7 Population change in the UK between 2017 and 2018 Total population change Net international migration rate Net internal migration rate Natural change rate 7.3 1.8 1.2 0.6 0.0 –0.6 –3.9 7.3 % % 1.8 1.2 0.6 0.0 –0.6 –3.9 7.3 1.8 1.2 0.6 0.0 –0.6 –3.9 7.3 % % 1.8 1.2 0.6 0.0 –0.6 –3.9 Note: This is a hexbin map: each local authority in the UK is represented by a single hexagon. 9 G/Jun23/7037/2 Turn over 8 Figure 9a Percentage land area affected by drought in Montana, USA, between May 2017 and January 2018 0 May 2017 July September No drought Slight drought Severe drought Extreme drought Moderate drought November January 2018 25 50 Per cent land area affected by drought 75 100 Exceptional drought Figure 9b Energy sources of electricity generation in Montana, 2012–2017 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Year Electricity generation (billion kilowatt hours) Key Other Natural gas Wind Coal Hydro 10 G/Jun23/7037/2 Figure 10a Information produced by West Cumbria Mining about a proposal to mine coal in the area What is the plan? Since 2014, West Cumbria Mining has been developing plans for the creation of a coal mine, known as Woodhouse Colliery, off the coast near Whitehaven in West Cumbria, to supply the UK and European steel-making coal market, which currently imports around 45 million tonnes per annum. Another good reason to have a UK based supplier of coal for steelmaking 11 G/Jun23/7037/2 Figure 10b A local protest about the proposal to open a coal mine in West Cumbria END OF SOURCES 12 G/Jun23/7037/2 There are no resources printed on this page Copyright information For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published after each live examination series and is available for free download from . Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team. Copyright © 2023 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. (236A7037/2) A-level GEOGRAPHY 7037/2 Paper 2 Human geograph