NR569 / NR 569 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024 / 2025): Differential Diagnosis in Acute Care Practicum|Questions and Verified Answers|100% Correct - Chamberlain

Midterm Exam: NR569/ NR 569 (Latest 2024 / 2025 Update) Differential Diagnosis in Acute Care Practicum Review| Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct – Chamberlain Q: Asthma Attack Answer: -An asthma attack is the sudden narrowing of the airways in re- sponse to a trigger. Asthma attack triggers can include airborne irritants, respiratory illness, or strenuous exercise. -During an asthma attack, airway muscles tighten, the airways swell and inflame, and excess mucus is produced. This significantly narrows the airways, causing symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, and wheezing. Q: spontaneous pneumothorax Answer: Herpes zoster involves the reactivation of the varicella virus in the body. Q: Pulmonary Embolism Answer: -blockage of an artery in the lungs. This is usually caused by a blood clot that forms in the leg, known as deep vein thrombosis. -Pulmonary embolism may be treated with blood thinners, medication, or surgical procedures. -Symptoms of pulmonary embolism include chest pain, shortness of breath, and coughing. It may be difficult to diagnose, because patients with asthma or a heart attack experience similar symptoms. Risk factors of pulmonary embolism include heart disease, cancer, bed rest, smoking, obesity, and pregnancy. Lowering the risk of clots forming in the body, lowers the risk of forming a pulmonary embolism. Exercise, wearing compression stockings, and maintaining a healthy weight may reduce the risk of forming clots in the legs. Q: Acute Heart Failure Answer: -Right-sided heart failure is commonly caused by left-sided heart failure. -Factors that increase risk for CHF include high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and structural abnormalities of the heart. -Patients with CHF commonly experience symptoms such as fatigue and weakness, shortness of breath, swelling of the lower limbs, decreased alertness, and a reduced ability to exercise. Q: COPD exacerbation Answer: -airflow-limiting condition that affects the lungs. COPD includes both emphysema and chronic bronchitis. -Emphysema is a condition that affects the alveoli, the tiny air-filled pockets in the lungs responsible for gas exchange and breathing. During emphysema, alveolar walls are broken down causing alveolar air spaces to become permanently and ab- normally enlarged. Fewer alveolar walls leads to less surface area for gas exchange to occur, limiting airflow. -Chronic bronchitis is a condition that affects the bronchi and bronchioles, small tubes that allow for the passage of air in and out of the lungs. During chronic bronchitis, the airways become narrowed and blocked with mucus, limiting airflow. Q: Acute gastritis Answer: Acute gastritis is characterized by inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa. Generalized epigastric discomfort (gnawing and burning) are common symptoms of acute gastritis. -Symptoms of gastritis include feeling full after eating a few bites of food, nausea, bloating, and/or lack of appetite. Black/tarry stools and/or vomiting can also be suggestive of gastritis. Marisol reports feelings of fullness, bloating, and nausea. She also reports that she had one stool that was black or tarry. She also has a history of H. pylori gastritis. Patients with gastritis commonly present with previous H. pylori exposure, use of NSAIDs, epigastric tenderness, a feeling of fullness with meals, and nausea. Q: Cholecystitis Answer: Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder. Severe pain in the right upper quadrant or epigastric pain along with nausea, vomiting, and fever are common symptoms of cholecystitis. Q: Cholelithiasis Answer: Cholelithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. Although symptoms vary, common symptoms include sudden, right upper quadrant or epigastric pain that radiates to the right shoulder and nausea and vomiting. Q: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Answer: is caused by the inflammation of the esophagus due to reflux of gastric contents. Heartburn is a common symptom of GERD, usually after eating and at night when lying down. Chest pain or epigastric pain can be associated symptoms. -Heartburn and/or reflux that occurs when lying down or after eating are common symptoms of GERD. Epigastric pain is also a symptom of GERD. Marisol denies reflux symptoms or a sour taste in her mouth, she describes her symptoms more as pain in the epigastric area. Tarry stools would not be expected with GERD Patients with GERD normally don't have GI-bleeding Q: Peptic ulcer disease Answer: characterized by ulcers in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. Epigastric pain, burning stomach pain, bloating, belching, fatty food intolerance, heartburn, and nausea are commonly reported symptoms of peptic ulcer disease. -a gnawing or burning sensation after eating. It is common among patients taking NSAIDs. Marisol reports a 2-year history of taking NSAIDS. She also had gastritis with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection two years ago. H. pylori and the habitual use of NSAIDs are risk factors for peptic ulcer disease. She also had a tarry stool this morning which is likely with PUD