AQA A-level GEOGRAPHY 7037/1 Paper 1 Physical Geography Version: 1.0 Final A-level GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Physical GeographyQUESTION PAPER & MARKING SCHEME/ [MERGED] Mark scheme June 2023

AQA A-level GEOGRAPHY 7037/1 Paper 1 Physical Geography Version: 1.0 Final A-level GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Physical Geography Insert This insert contains:  Figure 1 for use with Question 1  Figure 2 for use with Question 1  Figures 4a, 4b and 4c for use with Question 2  Figures 6a, 6b and 6c for use with Question 3  Figures 8a and 8b for use with Question 4  Figure 9 for use with Question 5  Figure 10 for use with Question 5  Figure 11 for use with Question 6  Figure 12 for use with Question 6. G/KL/Jun23/E5 7037/1 2 G/Jun23/7037/1 Figure 1 Information about freshwater abstraction in Finland in 2020 Precipitation Surface water Groundwater Tap water Self-abstracted water Released directly or through small-scale facilities Released through private WWTPs Released through local authority WWTPs Evaporation Water returned to rivers Water abstraction 1 item = 40 million m3 / yr = 2% of the total water use WWTPs Wastewater treatment plants Water into products 1.2% of water flow 2.8% 54% 84% 16% 27% 15% KeyFish farming Agriculture Industry Households Services Leaks Total water use: 2 billion m3 /yr Note: Self-abstracted water is the water taken directly from lakes, rivers and groundwater by private individuals and companies. 3 G/Jun23/7037/1 Turn over 8 Figure 2 Global proposed carbon sequestration rates compared to implemented carbon sequestration rates between 2000 and 2020 0 2000 Year 40 80 CO2 120 sequestered (million tonnes per year) 160 200 Carbon sequestration projects Proposed but not implemented Power plants Other industrial Gas processing Implemented Power plants Other industrial Gas processing 4 G/Jun23/7037/1 Figure 4a The location of El-Sheikh El-Shazli relative to a number of wadis in the area shown on a satellite image Wadi Umm Huraynah Wadi Umm Dihaysi El-Sheikh El-Shazli 0 500 m Wadi Umm Samra N Figure 4b Sketch maps of the town and area flooded before and after increased urbanisation Original flood path before the town was highly urbanised Original flood path Flood path after increased urbanisation of the town Hill B Original housing Main town urban structures Water flow 0 250 m 0 250 m N N Hill A Hill B Hill A New flood path 5 G/Jun23/7037/1 Turn over 8 Figure 4c A photograph of the town looking towards the hills in Figure 4b Hill A Hill B 6 G/Jun23/7037/1 Figure 6a A photograph of mangrove taken above and below the water line Note: Mangrove is naturally occurring forest which grows under water in calm saline coastal waters of tropical countries. 7 G/Jun23/7037/1 Turn over 8 Figure 6b – the major benefits of mangrove for people Security Recreational Fisheries Spiritual and cultural Climate regulation Shoreline stabilisation Coastal protection Water quality maintenance Timber and forest products Good social relations Basic material for good life Health Figure 6c – the proportion of protected and unprotected mangrove in the ten largest nations with mangrove forests 0 5000 31% Indonesia 74% Brazil 38% Australia 64% Mexico 6% Nigeria 28% Malaysia 9% Myanmar 4% Papua New Guinea 91% Bangladesh 56% Cuba Mangrove extent (km2) 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 Key % = Proportion of mangrove protected in each area Unprotected mangroves Protected mangroves 8 G/Jun23/7037/1 Figure 8a Trends in the onset of winter freeze-up in the Arctic Ocean and surrounding areas, 1979–2019 Kara Sea 25 days earlier 0 Freeze trend 1979 – 2019 Laptev Sea East Siberian Sea Chukchi Sea Beaufort Sea 25 days later Note: All data is calculated from the 1979 baseline. ‘0’ represents the 1979 baseline. 9 G/Jun23/7037/1 Turn over 8 Figure 8b The change in the age of ice in the Arctic Ocean, 1985–2019 0 1985 Year Per cent of ice in the Arctic Ocean by age (during the first week of November) 20 40 60 80 100 1988 0 – 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5+ years old 10 G/Jun23/7037/1 Figure 9 Information about wildfires in Australia Houses destroyed and number of deaths by wildfires, by fire season Total number of houses destroyed by wildfire in Australia over the past 100 years broken down by month and state (thousands) In 2020, a record 2306 homes destroyed Jan 1939: 71 people died, 1300 homes destroyed Feb 1983: 75 people died, 2108 homes destroyed Feb 2009: 173 people died, 2029 homes destroyed ... previously, the most damage has been caused in February ... ... as the fires peak later in the season for the southernmost states Jul 0 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Tasmania Key Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun 1 2 3 4 5 6 Victoria South Australia Capital Territory New South Wales Western Australia Queensland Winter /spring (Jun – Nov) Australia’s fire seasons Key Spring (Sep – Nov) Spring /summer (Sep – Feb) Summer (Dec – Feb) Summer /autumn (Dec – May) 1967: 62 people killed, 1300 homes destroyed Western Australia South Australia Tasmania Capital Territory Victoria Northern Territory Queensland New South Wales 11 G/Jun23/7037/1 Turn over 8 Figure 10 Information about areas at risk following a seismic event based upon underlying geology in Waikato District and the surrounding area, New Zealand Thames Whangamata Coromandel Raglan Hamilton Taupo N Active fault lines Other fault lines Recent seismic activity Key A – Most hazardous B – Quite hazardous C – Not very hazardous D – Least hazardous 0 20 km Note: Area A – Deposits less than 10 000 years old – soft sediments formed by river and coastal deposition. Area B – Volcanic ash and gravel deposits up to 2.5 million years old. Area C – Sandstone, limestone and coal deposits up to 75 million years old. Area D – Hardened sandstone more than 75 million years old. 12 G/Jun23/7037/1 Figure 11 Data related to the number of endangered species across the Mediterranean Basin in 2017 How to read this graph Species group Critically endangered Endangered Vulnerable VERTEBRATES 2236 Freshwater fish 41% 100% Total species assessed Total threatened species Globally threatened species by country 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 CR EN VU 430: CR EN VU % estimated completeness of assessment 271 Spain 260 Greece 245 Turkey 224 Italy 207 Morocco 181 Albania 159 France 148 Syria 146 Croatia 138 Portugal 126 Algeria 125 Israel 117 Montenegro 115 Lebanon 105 Bosnia and Herzegovina 103 North Macedonia 101 Tunisia 90 Slovenia 79 Palestine 75 Gibraltar 72 Cyprus 64 Egypt 64 Monaco 57 Jordan 53 Malta 50 Libya 23 Iraq 21 Bulgaria 13 Kosovo % estimated threatened species of the total assessed amount Mediterranean Basin Marine fish 13% 100% Reptiles 23% 90% Mammals 18% 99% Amphibians 30% 98% Birds 6% 99% INVERTEBRATES 1938 Freshwater molluscs 59% 97.8% 470: CR EN VU PLANTS 1784 Plants 25% 8% 396: CR EN VU Dragonflies and damselflies 10% 95% Dung beetles 20% 34.5% Butterflies 4% 100% Anthozoa 25% 92% Freshwater crabs, crayfish and shrimps 25% 94% High Low 13 G/Jun23/7037/1 Figure 12 Information about the Ainsdale Sand Dunes National Nature Reserve (NNR) in north-west England The Ainsdale Sand Dunes NNR is a very important wildlife site in England, with the finest example of lime-rich sand dunes on the north-west coast. It forms part of 21 km of unspoilt sand dune system, designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), between Liverpool and Southport. Amongst the dry dune grassland and dune slacks, many rare and specialist coastal species thrive in the unique environment, from northern dune tiger beetles, sand lizards and natterjack toads to the elusive petalwort. The beach section also supports large numbers of overwintering wading birds who feast on the rich pickings below the high water mark, and the red squirrel is found in the pine woodlands. Ainsdale West End Lodge NNR base Wheelchair accessible picnic area Open access land No dogs Minor road Bridleway Footpath Cycle parking Beach/sand dunes Pine woodlands Low water mark High water mark 0 200 m Railway Woodland Path Trans Pennine Trail Sefton Coastal Path West End Walk Pinfold Path Dune Path North Fishermans Path Slack Path Old Fishermans Path Ainsdale Sand Dunes NNR END OF RESOURCES 14 G/Jun23/7037/1 There are no resources printed on this pag