Final Exam: NR570/ NR 570 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Common Diagnosis & Management in Acute Care Review| Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A – Chamberlain

Final Exam: NR570/ NR 570 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Common Diagnosis & Management in Acute Care Review| Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A – Chamberlain Q: UA Answer: WBC and Nitrite=(gram (-) convert nitrate into nitrite) high indicators of UTI in what test Q: possible contamination Answer: urine sample. (squamous epithelial cells) indicates Q: Casts Answer: indicates severe renal disease. other then hyaline cast Q: Glomerulonephritis, Renal infarction, collagen vascular disease, or sub- acute bacterial endocarditis Answer: presence of edema, weight gain, brown urine, or hypertension. can indicate what Q: RBC casts Answer: (bleeding in the glomeruli if you find Q: Renal parenchymal infection (pyelonephritis, acute glomerulonephritis, and interstitial nephritis Answer: presence of WBC casts may indicate what disease Q: nephrosis, heavy metal poisoning, acute tubular necrosis, and glomeru- lonephritis Answer: presences of Epithelial cases may indicate what disease Q: Urine Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) Answer: gold standard test, organism count of > 100,000, > 100,000 tested for the effectiveness of various antibiotics. Q: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria=do not need to be treated except in Answer: · pregnant women (due to ureteral dilation and increased risk of pyelonephritis) · males undergoing urinary surgery where mucosal bleeding is expected · children with vesicoureteral reflux Q: Uncomplicated UTI Treatments Answer: nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) 100 mg by mouth twice daily x 5 days trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) 160 mg/800 mg by mouth twice daily x 3 days fosfomycin (Monurol) 3 gm by mouth x 1 dose Q: Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) Answer: 200 mg by mouth three times daily x 2 days may be given for bladder spasms but should be avoided in patients with liver or renal failure. Q: Complicated UTIs: send UA and C&S before antibiotics Answer: · ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 500 mg IV/PO once daily x 7-10 days levofloxacin (Levaquin) 750 mg IV/PO once daily x 5 days trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) 160 mg/800 mg by mouth twice daily x 7-10 days (in adults able to take oral medication) Q: upper UTI Answer: is uncommon in males, they should also be referred to a urologist to rule out ureteral stricture, infected kidney stones, anatomical abnormality. Q: pyelonephritis definition Answer: refers to an infection of lower urinary tract which has progressed to an upper urinary tract infection into the kidney. cause acute renal failure if it is not treated. Q: lab worksymptoms Answer: Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness, flank pain, Malaise, hallmark= (CVA) tenderness over one kidney, elderly patients= vague abdominal pain, altered mental status, and lethargy. Low grade fever Q: Protein Answer: in the lumen of the kidney tubules has solidified, especially in the nephron. This indicates kidney disease rather than cystitis. Q: pyelonephritis lab work include Answer: complete blood count (CBC) will show leuko- cytosis and neutrophilia chemistry profile to assess renal function blood cultures to assess for bacteremia/sepsis test for Q: (KUB) Answer: may help exclude nephrolithiasis. Q: First line pyelonephritis treatment Answer: Ciprofloxacin 500 mg by mouth twice daily x 7 days; Ciprofloxacin ER 1000 mg by mouth once daily x 7 days, or; levofloxacin 750 mg by mouth once daily x 5 days, where the resistance pattern to fluoro- quinolones is < 10% Q: Second line pyelonephritis. Answer: