Exam 1: NSG223/ NSG 223 (New 2024/ 2025 Update) Med Surg 2 Exam| Guide Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Graded A- Herzing

Exam 1: NSG223/ NSG 223 (New 2024/ 2025 Update) Med Surg 2 Exam| Guide Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Graded A- Herzing QUESTION Atherosclerosis pathology - Narrowing (stenosis) of lumen, obstruction by thrombosis, aneurysm, ulceration, and rupture - cells die due to lack of blood flow - vulnerable where arteries bifurcate/branch - males have more below-the-knee pathology QUESTION Fatty streaks (atherosclerotic lesions) Answer: Yellow & smooth; composed of lipids and elongated smooth muscle cells; do not cause symptoms QUESTION Fibrous plaques (atherosclerotic lesions) Answer: White to white-yellow; composed of smooth muscle cells, collagen fibers, plasma, and lipids; found in main arteries and are progressive QUESTION Atherosclerosis prevention Answer: - Statins - 1st line - Others: bile acid sequestrants (cholestyramine), fibric acid inhibitors (gemfibrozil), cholesterol absorption inhibitors (ezetimibe), Niacin - Control hypertension which makes this worse (majority require 2 or more antihy- pertensives) - Eliminate nicotine QUESTION Atherosclerosis, nursing mgt Answer: - Elevate HOB, feet down/dependent position - Walk to point of pain, rest, resume - Warm applications for arterial flow (bath, drink, pad, water bottle, etc.) QUESTION Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) pathophysiology Answer: - Plaque rupture in MI with resulting thrombus formation that occludes artery, leading to ischemia/necrosis of myocardium QUESTION Descriptions to identify an MI Answer: type (NSTEMI, STEMI) 2.Location of injury to ventricular wall (anterior, inferior, posterior, or lateral) 3.Point in time within process of infarction (acute, evolving, or old) QUESTION ACS pharm mgt - Go to the hospital - Get 12-lead ECG rhythm within 10 min - Obtain troponin labs - Routine interventions: MONAH (morphine, oxygen, nitro, aspirin, heparin), beta-blocker, ACE-inhibitor, statin - Reperfusion therapy most helpful (restores blood flow to blocked art