BIOCHEM MODULE 8 EXAM WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED RATIONALES
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ LATEST 2024 (PORTAGE
LEARNING CHEM 210 BIOCHEMISTRY)
After the first phase, the chemical reactions of the ETC provide energy from NADH and FADH2 to pump
H+ ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the inter membrane space. These reactions also provide
electrons and H+ to convert oxygen into water. Together, these reactions create a H+ gradient that
allows H+ to flow through and rotate the ATP synthase in order to produce ATP.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in 3 phases. The first phase is the flow of electrons from NADH and
FADH2. What happens after this first phase is complete?
A. The mitochondrion is the main site of oxidative phosphorylation, which can be attributed to its two-
membrane structure.
- The outer membrane is a bilayer that contains porin proteins, which allow ions and molecules to cross
into the intermembrane space. The intermembrane space is located between the inner and outer
membrane and contains solution.
- The inner membrane is also a bilayer but is highly selective, allowing only select ions and molecules to
cross. This selective characteristic of the inner membrane is critical for maintaining the specific
concentrations of H+, ATP, and other species within the mitochondrial matrix.
- The matrix is the innermost space of the mitochondrion and is where the citric acid cycle as well as
parts of beta oxidation and the urea cycle occur. This close proximity of reaction cycles is efficient
because it allows NADH and FADH2, produced by the citric acid cycle, to also participate in the electron
transport chain by donating electrons and hydrogen ions.
B. The complexes of the ETC are located in the inner membrane and accept the electrons from the
coenzymes.
Describe the critical structure of the mitochondrion that are important for the production of ATP.
A. What structural features of the mitochondrion support ATP formation.
B. Where are the complexes of the ETC located.
The chemical reactions of the ETC, through the oxidation of coenzymes produced by the CAC, create
energy that pumps H+ ions into the intermembrane space of mitochondria. The accumulation of these
H+ ions in the intermembrane space creates an H+ ion gradient. This H+ gradient provides the driving
force for the rotation of ATP synthase, which results in the production of ATP. Therefore, the ETC is
responsible for the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.
, According to the chemiosmotic theory, how is the ETC connected to ATP production? Explain in at least
4 complete sentences.
true
T/F: The majority of the reactions of the urea cycle occur in the cytosol.
false
T/F: The majority of the reactions of the urea cycle occur in the mitochondrial matrix.
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false
T/F: FADH2 yields 2.5 ATP molecules after donating electrons and hydrogen atoms to the ETC.
2.5 ATP per NADH
How many ATP molecules does NADH yield after donating electrons and hydrogen atoms to the electron
transfer chain (ETC)?
1.5 ATP per FADH2
How many ATP molecules does FADH2 yield after donating electrons and hydrogen atoms to the
electron transfer chain (ETC)?
true
T/F: ATP is invested in the urea cycle.
3
How many total ATP are invested in the urea cycle?
false
T/F: There are 5 complexes associated with the ETC.
4
How many complexes are associated with the ETC?
false
T/F: In the production of ATP via ATP synthase, the H+ ions move from the mitochondrial matrix to the
intermembrane space.
true
T/F: In the production of ATP via ATP synthase, the H+ ions move from the intermembrane space to the
mitochondrial matrix.
4
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED RATIONALES
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ LATEST 2024 (PORTAGE
LEARNING CHEM 210 BIOCHEMISTRY)
After the first phase, the chemical reactions of the ETC provide energy from NADH and FADH2 to pump
H+ ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the inter membrane space. These reactions also provide
electrons and H+ to convert oxygen into water. Together, these reactions create a H+ gradient that
allows H+ to flow through and rotate the ATP synthase in order to produce ATP.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in 3 phases. The first phase is the flow of electrons from NADH and
FADH2. What happens after this first phase is complete?
A. The mitochondrion is the main site of oxidative phosphorylation, which can be attributed to its two-
membrane structure.
- The outer membrane is a bilayer that contains porin proteins, which allow ions and molecules to cross
into the intermembrane space. The intermembrane space is located between the inner and outer
membrane and contains solution.
- The inner membrane is also a bilayer but is highly selective, allowing only select ions and molecules to
cross. This selective characteristic of the inner membrane is critical for maintaining the specific
concentrations of H+, ATP, and other species within the mitochondrial matrix.
- The matrix is the innermost space of the mitochondrion and is where the citric acid cycle as well as
parts of beta oxidation and the urea cycle occur. This close proximity of reaction cycles is efficient
because it allows NADH and FADH2, produced by the citric acid cycle, to also participate in the electron
transport chain by donating electrons and hydrogen ions.
B. The complexes of the ETC are located in the inner membrane and accept the electrons from the
coenzymes.
Describe the critical structure of the mitochondrion that are important for the production of ATP.
A. What structural features of the mitochondrion support ATP formation.
B. Where are the complexes of the ETC located.
The chemical reactions of the ETC, through the oxidation of coenzymes produced by the CAC, create
energy that pumps H+ ions into the intermembrane space of mitochondria. The accumulation of these
H+ ions in the intermembrane space creates an H+ ion gradient. This H+ gradient provides the driving
force for the rotation of ATP synthase, which results in the production of ATP. Therefore, the ETC is
responsible for the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.
, According to the chemiosmotic theory, how is the ETC connected to ATP production? Explain in at least
4 complete sentences.
true
T/F: The majority of the reactions of the urea cycle occur in the cytosol.
false
T/F: The majority of the reactions of the urea cycle occur in the mitochondrial matrix.
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false
T/F: FADH2 yields 2.5 ATP molecules after donating electrons and hydrogen atoms to the ETC.
2.5 ATP per NADH
How many ATP molecules does NADH yield after donating electrons and hydrogen atoms to the electron
transfer chain (ETC)?
1.5 ATP per FADH2
How many ATP molecules does FADH2 yield after donating electrons and hydrogen atoms to the
electron transfer chain (ETC)?
true
T/F: ATP is invested in the urea cycle.
3
How many total ATP are invested in the urea cycle?
false
T/F: There are 5 complexes associated with the ETC.
4
How many complexes are associated with the ETC?
false
T/F: In the production of ATP via ATP synthase, the H+ ions move from the mitochondrial matrix to the
intermembrane space.
true
T/F: In the production of ATP via ATP synthase, the H+ ions move from the intermembrane space to the
mitochondrial matrix.
4
