Kuby Immunology Ch 17 Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Questions And Answers Graded A+

Viruses, like many good pathogens, have adapted to survive in their hosts. Which of the following scenarios would be MOST favorable to viral transmission and long term survival of the viral species? A. Virus X enters a host cell, produces many progeny viruses (virions), and lyses the host cell. B. Virus X enters the host cell and merges viral DNA with the host DNA so that the virus is copied into all progeny host cells. C. Virus X enters the host cells, merges viral DNA with the host DNA until the host cell is stressed, and then begins to produce many virions eventually lysing the host cell. D. Virus X enters the host cell and consistently makes virions at a low level so that all host cell functions are not disrupted. E. Virus X enters the host cell, makes many progeny virions, and releases virions through exocytosis so that each virion is wrapped in the host cell plasma membrane. The host cell will eventually die o - AnswerVirus X enters the host cell and *consistently* makes virions at a low level so that all host cell functions are not disrupted. Which of the following is recognized by the innate immune system and triggers an immune response that will produce antiviral cytokines and trigger effector molecules? A. Complement B. IgA C. IL-2 D. PAMPs E. TNF-α - Answer*PAMPs* One mechanism that viruses use to avoid the immune response is to bind up immune effector molecules. All of the following methods are used by antibodies to block viral infection EXCEPT: A. antibodies bind to and coat virus particles, preventing viral ligands from binding to cell receptors. B. antibodies trigger complement, which can lyse viral particles or recruit opsonins. C. antibodies stimulate activation of cytotoxic T cells. D. antibodies aid in phagocytosis.E. antibodies compete for binding with viral ligands. - Answerantibodies stimulate activation of *cytotoxic T cells*. Influenza virus is an annual concern in the United States and worldwide. Each year, millions of people receive the flu vaccine to protect against the influenza virus. What two viral ligands does the flu vaccine produce immunity to? A. Hemagglutinin and TNF-α B. Hemagglutinin and N-acetyl glucosamine C. N-acetyl glucosamine and Neuraminidase D. N-acetyl glucosamine and reverse transcriptase E. Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin - Answer*Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin*