ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Exam Latest Questions And Answers (Verified Answers)

ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Exam Latest Questions And Answers (Verified Answers) Define mutations - ANSWER- Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene 3 main goals of treatment: - ANSWER- Cure Control Palliation Define neoadjuvant therapy - ANSWER- Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor Define adjuvant therapy - ANSWER- Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur Define conditioning/preparative therapy - ANSWER- Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation 2 types of conditioning therapies: - ANSWER- Myeloablative Nonmyeloablative Define dose density - ANSWER- Drug dose per unit of time Define dose intensity - ANSWER- Amount of drug delivered over time How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - ANSWER- By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen How do alkylating agents work? - ANSWER- By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death 3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - ANSWER- 1. Nitrogen mustards 2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as they work similarly) 3. Nitrosoureas Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - ANSWER- Nitrogen mustards Common alkylating agents: - ANSWER- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Ifosfamide (Ifex) Bendamustine (Treanda) Common platinum-based agents: - ANSWER- Cisplatin (Platinol) Carboplatin (Paraplatin) What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - ANSWER- Able to cross the bloodbrain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors Common nitrosoureas agents: - ANSWER- Carmustine (BiCNU) Lomustine (CeeNu) Streptozocin (Zanosar) Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - ANSWER- Carboplatin These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - ANSWER- 1. Alkylating agents 2. Nitrosoureas Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: - ANSWER- BUN Creatinine CBC w/ diff What is the medication Mesna used for? - ANSWER- Bladder protectant with administration of cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide Instruct pts receiving ________ to avoid exposure to cold air and consuming cold fluids for 3-4 days following treatment - ANSWER- Oxaliplatin How do antimetabolites function? - ANSWER- By blocking DNA and RNA growth by interfering with enzymes needed for normal cell metabolism Antimetabolites work in the ___ phase. - ANSWER- S What types of cells are best affected by antimetabolites? - ANSWER- Cells with high division rates Common side effects of antimetabolites: - ANSWER- Myelosuppression GI toxicities Photosensitivity Hand-foot syndrome Common antimetabolite drugs: - ANSWER- Azacitidine Capecitabine 5-FU Cytarabine Decitabine Methotrexate The institute for Safe Medication Practices recommends what route of administration for vincristine? - ANSWER- IV piggyback via gravity Anthracycline antitumor abx work by: - ANSWER- Interfering with enzymes necessary for DNA to replicate in ALL phases of the cell cycle The two major classifications of antitumor antibiotics are: - ANSWERAnthracyclines Non-anthracyclines