ATLS TEST 1 LATEST EXAM /ADVANCED TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT TEST 1 LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ATLS TEST 1 LATEST EXAM /ADVANCED TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT TEST 1 LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS What is the Golden hour --ANSWER- refers to the first hour after an injury until definitive care at the Trauma Center 50% of mortality immediately after injury, within the first hour. Most trauma deaths occur immediately at scene and within the GOLDEN HOUR How much time, in reality, do you have of the golden hour once a pt hits the ED door --ANSWER- about 30 minutes, called platinum half hour When someone has trauma, but they die later from it (within days to weeks) what is it typically due to? --ANSWER- hemorrhagic shock- most common Hypovolemic shock What is the mneumonic for Hand-off to trauma team? --ANSWER- MIST Mechanism of injury- need high index of suspicion for dx after getting MOI Injuries found and suspected Symptoms and signs Treatment: Usually treat before definitive dx via tests! Objectives of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) --ANSWER1. initial evaluation of the trauma pt 2. Identify life threatening injuries and initiate tx 3. Stabilize the trauma pt What is the mnemonic for history taking – ANSWER- "SAMPLE" Signs/Sx Allergies Medication Past medical illness Last meal Event/Environment related to injury Test that you give to all female pts of childbearing age? --ANSWER- BHCG What are the complications of initial trauma? --ANSWER- hemorrhage, acidosis, hypothermia, coagulopathy, hypoxia Primary survey in a trauma situation --ANSWER- ABCDE Airway maintenance with *c-spine restriction of spinal motion* Breathing and ventilation Circulation Disability: Neurological status Exposure/Environmental control Gold Standard to get definitive airway --ANSWER- endotracheal intubation What do you use if someone is presenting with tracheal injury, flail chest, or sucking chest wound with decreased breath sounds? --ANSWER- insert a chest tube (28-32 Fr) Pneumonic for circulation and hemorrhage control –ANSWER - Direct pressure Elevation Pressure point Tourniquet aka DEPT Hypovolemia tx in emergency situations --ANSWER- Start with two large bore IVs (14-gauge catheter), one below and one above the site of injury Infuse 1 liter of lactate ringers 3:1 ratio What blood products do you have to give females of childbearing age -- ANSWER- O NEGATIVE! must be negative to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis Describe the glasgow coma scale ratings --ANSWER- Scored between 3 and 15 with 3 being worst (dead) and 15 being best Composed of: Best eye response, Best Verbal Response, Best Motor Response What do you need to do if someones Glasgow coma scale rating is under 8 -- ANSWER- intubate with endotracheal tube Ratings of "Eye opening" on GCS --ANSWER4- spontaneous 3- to voice 2- to pain 1- none Ratings of "verbal response" on GCS --ANSWER - 5- normal