Hole's Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1
(Chapters 1-3)
-stasis - ANSControlling, stopping
Peri- - ANSAround, surrounding
Hypo - ANSLess than
Hyper - ANSGreater than
Epi- - ANSAbove, upon
Pariet- - ANSAny "wall" (in a cavity or organ)
Visc- - ANSThick, resistance
Base - ANSAccepts H+ from a solution; donates OH- ions to a solution, pH of 8 to 14
Acid - ANSA substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, pH of 6 to 1
pH scale - ANSMeasurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)
in solution; ranges from 0 to 14
Ion - ANSAn atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus
acquiring a charge
Isotope - ANSAn atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons
from other atoms of the same element
Ipsilateral - ANSStructures on the same side of the body -- ie left arm and left leg
Contraleteral - ANSOn the opposite side of the body
Mediastinum - ANSCentral compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great
vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve, thoracic duct, thymus,
and lymph nodes of the central chest
Hydroxide - ANS(OH)-
Hydronium - ANSH3O+
, Pinocytosis - ANSCellular "drinking"; a type of endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and
dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles
Phagocytosis - ANS"Cell Eating" of large particles; process in which phagocytes engulf and
digest microorganisms and cellular debris
Homeostasis - ANSA tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation
of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Negative feedback - ANSA primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a
physiological variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change.
Positive feedback - ANSA physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable
triggers mechanisms that amplify the change
Anatomy - ANSThe science of the structure of living organisms
Physiology - ANSThe science of processes and functions of organisms
Atom - ANSThe smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the
element
Molecule - ANSThe simplest structural unit of an element or compound
Macromolecule - ANSA very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules; ex-
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
Organelle - ANSA tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
Cell - ANSA membrane bound structure that is the basic unit of life
Tissue - ANSA group of similar cells that perform the same function
Organ - ANSA collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
Organ system - ANSA group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions
Organism - ANSA living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently
Transverse (horizontal/axial) - ANSA plane running from right to left, dividing the body into
superior and inferior parts
Sagittal - ANSA vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
(Chapters 1-3)
-stasis - ANSControlling, stopping
Peri- - ANSAround, surrounding
Hypo - ANSLess than
Hyper - ANSGreater than
Epi- - ANSAbove, upon
Pariet- - ANSAny "wall" (in a cavity or organ)
Visc- - ANSThick, resistance
Base - ANSAccepts H+ from a solution; donates OH- ions to a solution, pH of 8 to 14
Acid - ANSA substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, pH of 6 to 1
pH scale - ANSMeasurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)
in solution; ranges from 0 to 14
Ion - ANSAn atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus
acquiring a charge
Isotope - ANSAn atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons
from other atoms of the same element
Ipsilateral - ANSStructures on the same side of the body -- ie left arm and left leg
Contraleteral - ANSOn the opposite side of the body
Mediastinum - ANSCentral compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great
vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve, thoracic duct, thymus,
and lymph nodes of the central chest
Hydroxide - ANS(OH)-
Hydronium - ANSH3O+
, Pinocytosis - ANSCellular "drinking"; a type of endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and
dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles
Phagocytosis - ANS"Cell Eating" of large particles; process in which phagocytes engulf and
digest microorganisms and cellular debris
Homeostasis - ANSA tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation
of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Negative feedback - ANSA primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a
physiological variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change.
Positive feedback - ANSA physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable
triggers mechanisms that amplify the change
Anatomy - ANSThe science of the structure of living organisms
Physiology - ANSThe science of processes and functions of organisms
Atom - ANSThe smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the
element
Molecule - ANSThe simplest structural unit of an element or compound
Macromolecule - ANSA very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules; ex-
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
Organelle - ANSA tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
Cell - ANSA membrane bound structure that is the basic unit of life
Tissue - ANSA group of similar cells that perform the same function
Organ - ANSA collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
Organ system - ANSA group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions
Organism - ANSA living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently
Transverse (horizontal/axial) - ANSA plane running from right to left, dividing the body into
superior and inferior parts
Sagittal - ANSA vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
