Anatomy and Physiology Cardiovascular System MCQs Answers 2023/24

Anatomy and Physiology Cardiovascular System MCQs Answers 2023/24 Introduction of CVS 1. The cardiovascular system… (A)Aids in the transfer of heat energy from organs deep within the body to the outside environment (B) Comprises pulmonary and systemic circulations that are in parallel with each other (C) Transports carbon dioxide from the lungs to tissues within organs (D)Transports oxygen from individual cells to the lungs 2. Cardiac output of the right side of the heart is what percentage of the cardiac output of the left side of the heart? (A)25% (B) 50% (C) 75% (D)100% (E) 125% 3. A 22-year-old man with no history of congenital heart disease has a normal physical examination prior to entering the military. Which of the following characteristics is most similar in the systemic and pulmonary circulations of this patient? (A)Preload (B) Afterload (C) Peak systolic pressure (D)Blood volume (E) Stroke work 4. A patient with valve disease undergoes cardiac catheterization to compare vascular and intracardiac pressures against normal values. Which of the following is found in a heart with normal valve function? (A)Aortic diastolic pressure is less than pulmonary artery systolic pressure (B) Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is less than mean right atrial pressure (C) Mean left atrial pressure is normally greater than mean right atrial pressure by < 10 mm Hg (D)Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure is less than mean right atrial pressure 5. The greatest pressure decrease in the circulation occurs across the arterioles because... (A)They have the greatest surface area (B) They have the greatest cross-sectional area (C) The velocity of blood flow through them is the highest (D)The velocity of blood flow thorough them is the lowest (E) They have the greatest resistance 6. At which site is systolic blood pressure the highest? (A)Aorta (B) Central vein (C) Pulmonary artery (D)Right atrium (E) Renal artery (F) Renal vein 7. Which of the following statements concerning the heart is true? (A)Cardiac output is the product of ventricular stroke volume and heart rate (B) The right and left ventricles are in parallel (C) The right ventricle generates higher pressures than the left ventricle during contraction (D)The right ventricle receives blood from the pulmonary veins 8. In a recumbent person, the greatest difference in blood pressure exists between the… (A)Ascending aorta and brachial artery (B) Saphenous vein and right atrium (C) Femoral artery and femoral vein (D)Pulmonary artery and left atrium (E) Arteriolar and venous ends of a capillary 9. During ventricular ejection, the pressure difference smallest in magnitude is between which of the following? (A)Pulmonary artery and left atrium (B) Right ventricle and right atrium (C) Left ventricle and aorta (D)Left ventricle and left atrium (E) Aorta and capillaries 10. The greatest resting arteriovenous difference in O2 content is found in the… (A)Liver (B) Skeletal muscle (C) Heart (D)Kidney (E) Lung 11. Which of the following organs has the highest arteriovenous O2 difference under these normal resting conditions? (A)Brain (B) Heart (C) Skeletal muscle (D)Kidney (E) Liver ANS and CVS 12. The cell bodies for the preganglionic vagal efferents innervating the heart are found in which region of the brain? (A)Cortex (B) Hypothalamus (C) Medulla (D)Nucleus tractus solitarius 13. Norepinephrine released by sympathetic nerves… (A)Binds preferentially to β-adrenoceptors on cardiac myocytes (B) Constricts blood vessels by binding to α1-adrenoceptors (C) Inhibits its own release by binding to prejunctional β2-adrenoceptors (D)Decreases renin release in the kidneys 14. Which receptor mediates constriction of arteriolar smooth muscle? (A)α1 receptors (B) β1 receptors (C) β2 receptors (D)M receptors (E) N receptors 15. Stimulating efferent fibers of the right vagus nerve… (A)Decreases systemic vascular resistance (B) Increases atrial inotropy (C) Increases heart rate (D)Releases acetylcholine, which binds to M2 receptors 16. Which receptor mediates slowing the heart? (A)α1 receptors (B) β1 receptors (C) β2 receptors (D)M receptors (E) N receptors 17. In a study of the carotid sinus reflex, a fellow classmate vigorously massages the area over the carotid sinus. Which one of the following events might be expected to result from this exercise? (A)An increase in aortic blood pressure and heart rate (B) A decrease in heart rate and aortic pressure (C) A decrease in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate (D)An increase in respiratory rate and depth (E) A decrease in respiratory rate and depth 18. A 42-year-old woman with lightheadedness and recurrent syncope is taken to the emergency department where she is given atropine. Her symptoms are relieved by an increase in which of the following? (A)Heart rate (B) PR interval (C) Ventricular contractility (D)Ejection fraction (E) Stroke volume 19. Propranolol has which of the following effects? (A)Decreases heart rate (B) Increases left ventricular ejection fraction (C) Increases stroke volume (D)Decreases splanchnic vascular resistance (E) Decreases cutaneous vascular resistance 20. When propranolol is administered, blockade of which receptor is responsible for the decrease in cardiac output that occurs? (A)α1 receptors (B) β1 receptors (C) β2 receptors (D)M receptors (E) N receptors 21. A patient in circulatory shock is treated with norepinephrine to raise arterial pressure by stimulating the heart through β-adrenoceptor activation and constricting blood vessels through α-adrenoceptor activation. The cardiac and vascular effects can be explained by… (A)Increased cardiac cAMP and increased vascular cGMP (B) Increased cardiac cAMP and increased vascular IP3 (C) Increased cardiac and vascular cAMP (D)Increased cardiac IP3 and increased vascular cAMP 22. Infusion of a high dose of epinephrine following pharmacologic blockade of β-adrenoceptors will… (A)Decrease mean arterial pressure (B) Have no significant cardiovascular effects (C) Increase heart rate (D)Increase systemic vascular resistance . . . . . . .