,Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness, 9e (Spector)
Chapter 1 Building Cultural and Linguistic Competence
1) Which action would a hospital administrator take to meet the cultural and linguistic needs of
Spanish-speaking community members?
1. Hire professional staff from different Spanish-speaking countries.
2. Ensure that all health care workers speak Spanish.
3. Ensure that all signage is posted in Spanish as well as English.
4. Ensure health services are in varying locations.
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. Hiring professional staff from different Spanish-speaking countries would create
a foundation for the variations in the language and culture of the different countries, and aid in
providing cultural and linguistic competence to meet the health needs of this population.
2. Ensuring all health care workers speak Spanish would benefit this population, but does not
necessarily guarantee that cultural and linguistic competence would result.
3. Spanish signage would aid with patient understanding, but this action also assumes that all of
the patient population is literate.
4. Ensuring health services are in varying locations meets the needs of many populations, but is
not necessarily a component of linguistic and cultural competence.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Patient Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: LO02 - Describe the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically
Appropriate Services in Health Care.
2) On which criterion would the Human Resources manager focus when identifying interpreters
to support the care of patients with limited English proficiency?
1. Proficient in health language terminology
2. Availability of family members
3. Be of the same ethnic background of the patients
4. Be on 24-hour call
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. Interpreters providing language assistance must be proficient in health language
terminology in order to provide accurate information to a patient in their own language.
2. Family members are not to be used for language assistance or interpretation unless absolutely
necessary, or on request by the patient, as they may not be able to provide objective impartial
information.
3. While it is helpful to have the same ethnic background of the patients for whom language
assistance is provided, it is not necessary.
4. An interpreter may not be able to be on 24-hour call, but back-up mechanisms should be in
place to provide language assistance when a designated interpreter is not available.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Patient Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Patient Need Sub: Management of Care
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment
Learning Outcome: LO02 - Describe the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically
Appropriate Services in Health Care.
1
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,3) A health care organization is incorporating culturally and linguistically appropriate services
into the strategic plan. In which areas of the plan will these services be reflected? Select all that
apply:
1. Goals
2. Policies
3. Operational plans
4. Management accountability
5. Internal audits
Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4
Explanation: 1. To support cultural and linguistically appropriate services, a health care
organization needs to outline clear goals in the strategic plan.
2. To support cultural and linguistically appropriate services, a health care organization needs to
outline policies within the strategic plan.
3. A health care organization needs to outline operational plans to support cultural and
linguistically appropriate services within the strategic plan.
4. A health care organization needs to identify management accountability for cultural and
linguistically appropriate services within the strategic plan.
5. Internal audits are used to evaluate culturally and linguistically appropriate services within a
health care organization.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Patient Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: LO02 - Describe the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically
Appropriate Services in Health Care.
2
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, 4) Why does a health care organization maintain a current demographic, cultural, and
epidemiological profile of the patients receiving care in the hospital?
1. Ensure grievances are resolved.
2. Plan and implement culturally and linguistically appropriate services.
3. Plan for culturally appropriate continuing education for the staff.
4. Develop partnerships with community members.
Answer: 2
Explanation: 1. Maintaining a current demographic, cultural, and epidemiological profile of the
patients receiving care in the hospital does not ensure that grievances are resolved. The health
care organization must ensure that the grievance process is culturally and linguistically sensitive
and capable of resolving cross-cultural conflicts.
2. Healthcare organizations should maintain a current demographic, cultural, and
epidemiological profile of the community to accurately plan for and implement services that
respond to the cultural and linguistic characteristics of the service area.
3. Maintaining a current demographic, cultural, and epidemiological profile of the patients
receiving care in the hospital is not done to plan for culturally appropriate continuing education
for staff. Planning for ongoing education and training in culturally and linguistically appropriate
services would be based on the patient demographic, but not on the epidemiological profile of
the community.
4. Maintaining a current demographic, cultural, and epidemiological profile of the patients
receiving care in the hospital is not done to develop partnerships with community members.
Partnerships with communities are used to facilitate community and patient involvement when
designing and implementing culturally and linguistically appropriate service-related activities.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Patient Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation
Learning Outcome: LO02 - Describe the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically
Appropriate Services in Health Care.
3
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1 Building Cultural and Linguistic Competence
1) Which action would a hospital administrator take to meet the cultural and linguistic needs of
Spanish-speaking community members?
1. Hire professional staff from different Spanish-speaking countries.
2. Ensure that all health care workers speak Spanish.
3. Ensure that all signage is posted in Spanish as well as English.
4. Ensure health services are in varying locations.
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. Hiring professional staff from different Spanish-speaking countries would create
a foundation for the variations in the language and culture of the different countries, and aid in
providing cultural and linguistic competence to meet the health needs of this population.
2. Ensuring all health care workers speak Spanish would benefit this population, but does not
necessarily guarantee that cultural and linguistic competence would result.
3. Spanish signage would aid with patient understanding, but this action also assumes that all of
the patient population is literate.
4. Ensuring health services are in varying locations meets the needs of many populations, but is
not necessarily a component of linguistic and cultural competence.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Patient Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: LO02 - Describe the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically
Appropriate Services in Health Care.
2) On which criterion would the Human Resources manager focus when identifying interpreters
to support the care of patients with limited English proficiency?
1. Proficient in health language terminology
2. Availability of family members
3. Be of the same ethnic background of the patients
4. Be on 24-hour call
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. Interpreters providing language assistance must be proficient in health language
terminology in order to provide accurate information to a patient in their own language.
2. Family members are not to be used for language assistance or interpretation unless absolutely
necessary, or on request by the patient, as they may not be able to provide objective impartial
information.
3. While it is helpful to have the same ethnic background of the patients for whom language
assistance is provided, it is not necessary.
4. An interpreter may not be able to be on 24-hour call, but back-up mechanisms should be in
place to provide language assistance when a designated interpreter is not available.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Patient Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Patient Need Sub: Management of Care
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment
Learning Outcome: LO02 - Describe the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically
Appropriate Services in Health Care.
1
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,3) A health care organization is incorporating culturally and linguistically appropriate services
into the strategic plan. In which areas of the plan will these services be reflected? Select all that
apply:
1. Goals
2. Policies
3. Operational plans
4. Management accountability
5. Internal audits
Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4
Explanation: 1. To support cultural and linguistically appropriate services, a health care
organization needs to outline clear goals in the strategic plan.
2. To support cultural and linguistically appropriate services, a health care organization needs to
outline policies within the strategic plan.
3. A health care organization needs to outline operational plans to support cultural and
linguistically appropriate services within the strategic plan.
4. A health care organization needs to identify management accountability for cultural and
linguistically appropriate services within the strategic plan.
5. Internal audits are used to evaluate culturally and linguistically appropriate services within a
health care organization.
Cognitive Level: Applying
Patient Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: LO02 - Describe the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically
Appropriate Services in Health Care.
2
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 4) Why does a health care organization maintain a current demographic, cultural, and
epidemiological profile of the patients receiving care in the hospital?
1. Ensure grievances are resolved.
2. Plan and implement culturally and linguistically appropriate services.
3. Plan for culturally appropriate continuing education for the staff.
4. Develop partnerships with community members.
Answer: 2
Explanation: 1. Maintaining a current demographic, cultural, and epidemiological profile of the
patients receiving care in the hospital does not ensure that grievances are resolved. The health
care organization must ensure that the grievance process is culturally and linguistically sensitive
and capable of resolving cross-cultural conflicts.
2. Healthcare organizations should maintain a current demographic, cultural, and
epidemiological profile of the community to accurately plan for and implement services that
respond to the cultural and linguistic characteristics of the service area.
3. Maintaining a current demographic, cultural, and epidemiological profile of the patients
receiving care in the hospital is not done to plan for culturally appropriate continuing education
for staff. Planning for ongoing education and training in culturally and linguistically appropriate
services would be based on the patient demographic, but not on the epidemiological profile of
the community.
4. Maintaining a current demographic, cultural, and epidemiological profile of the patients
receiving care in the hospital is not done to develop partnerships with community members.
Partnerships with communities are used to facilitate community and patient involvement when
designing and implementing culturally and linguistically appropriate service-related activities.
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Patient Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation
Learning Outcome: LO02 - Describe the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically
Appropriate Services in Health Care.
3
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
