Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Questions Answers Already Passed Latest Updated 2023/24 | Rated A+

Constricts afferent & efferent arterioles Epinephrine Norepinephrine Endothelin Constricts efferent arteriole Angiotensin II Dilates afferent & efferent arterioles Decreased NaCl to the macula densa Endothelial–derived NO Prostaglandins Bradykinin PTH's effect on Vit. D Activates Vit. D to increase intestinal Ca++ absorption What accumulates in the serum in Addison's Disease? Adrenal malfunction –> Aldosterone deficiency –> K+ accumulation Increases in the urine in Addison's Disease Na+ Effect of NSAIDs on GFR Inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins –> prevents arteriole dilation –> cannot dampen the effects of the constrictors What causes the increase in GFR with high–protein diet and increased blood glucose? When amino acids and glucose are absorbed in the PCT they drag Na+ across –> decrease NaCl reaching the macula densa –> decrease afferent arteriole resistance. Effect of PCT damage on arteriole tone Increases amount of NaCl reaching the macula densa –> constriction to prevent volume depletion Accumulates in the body in Conn's Syndrome Adrenal Tumor –> increased aldosterone –> Na+ retention