Targeted Med Surgery Neuro and Musculoskeletal questions and answers well illustrated.

Targeted Med Surgery Neuro and Musculoskeletal questions and answers well illustrated. A nurse is caring for a client who is 72 hr postoperative following an above-the-knee amputation and reports phantom limb pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Remind the client that the limb has been removed. B. Change the dressing on the client's residual limb. C. Administer an oral dose of Gabapentin to the client. D. Elevate the client's residual limb above heart level. - correct answers.C. Administer an oral dose of Gabapentin to the client. The nurse should administer a nonopioid medication to help minimize phantom limb pain. Gabapentin is an oral antiepileptic medication that is effective for treating sharp, burning, phantom limb pain. A nurse is caring for a client who was admitted for status epilepticus and is on seizure precautions. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? A. Assess hourly for a spike in blood pressure. B. Maintain the client on bed rest. C. Keep a padded tongue blade at the bedside. D. Establish IV access. - correct answers.D. Establish IV access. The nurse should plan to establish IV access with a large-bore catheter and administer 0.9% sodium chloride if seizures are imminent. If the client is stable, the nurse should initiate a saline lock. A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Hypoactive deep-tendon reflexes B. Ascending paralysis C. Intention tremors D. Increased lacrimation - correct answers.C. Intention tremors Clients who have multiple sclerosis are at risk for motor dysfunction, with intention tremors, poor coordination, and loss of balance. A nurse is teaching an assistive personnel (AP) about care of a client following a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Avoid applying anti-embolism stocking to the affected limb B. Have the client lean forward when moving from a sitting to a standing position C. Discourage the client from sitting in a wheelchair with the back reclined D. Place an abductor pillow between the clients legs when turning the client - correct answers.D. Place an abductor pillow between the clients legs when turning the client The nurse should inform the AP that a client who had a total hip arthroplasty should maintain the hip in abduction following surgery to reduce the risk of dislocating the surgical hip. The AP should place an abductor pillow between the client's legs when turning the client to keep her hips in abduction. A nurse working in the emergency department is caring for a client who has sustained a fracture of the femur following a motor-vehicle crash. Which of the following images indicates a comminuted fracture? - correct answers.This is an image of a comminuted fracture, in which the injury causes the bone to fragment into several pieces. Picture that looks the worse without being completely separated in two. The other choices are a spiral fracture, an open fracture (sticking out of skin), and a greenstick fracture (little chip broken but not cracked all the way through) A nurse is providing teaching for a client and his family about the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following statements by the family indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "There is a test for Alzheimer's disease that can establish a reliable diagnosis." B. "The goal of medication therapy is to reverse the degenerative changes that can occur in brain tissue." C. "Early manifestations of Alzheimer's disease include mild tremors and muscular rigidity." D. "The drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease can help delay cognitive changes." - correct answers.D. "The drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease can help delay cognitive changes." Medications that treat Alzheimer's disease enhance the availability of acetylcholine, which can slow cognitive decline in some clients. A nurse is reviewing postoperative instructions with a client following cataract surgery. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of instructions? A. "I should call my doctor if my vision gets worse." B. "I may take aspirin for eye discomfort following the surgery." C. "I can blow my nose to clear out any drainage." D. "I can lift objects up to 20 pounds." - correct answers.A. "I should call my doctor if my vision gets worse." The client should report negative changes in vision immediately because there should be an improvement in vision after the surgery. A nurse is planning care for a client who has a closed head injury from a fall and is receiving mechanical ventilation. Which of the following interventions is the nurse's priority? A. Maintain a PaCO2 of approximately 35 mm Hg. B. Provide small doses of fentanyl via IV bolus for pain management. C. Monitor body temperature every 1 to 2 hr. D. Reposition the client every 2 hr. - correct answers.A. Maintain a PaCO2 of approximately 35 mm Hg. The greatest risk to this client is injury from increased intracranial pressure. Therefore, the nurse's priority action is to maintain the PaCO2 at 35 to 38 mm Hg to prevent hypercarbia and subsequent vasodilation that can lead to an increase in intracranial pressure. A nurse in the emergency department is assessing a client who has myasthenia gravis. The client reports recent increasing muscle weakness and the nurse suspects the client is experiencing a myasthenic crisis. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority? A. Administer artificial tears. B. Assist with a Tensilon test. C. Administer immunosuppressants. D. Assist with plasmapheresis. - correct answers.B. Assist with a Tensilon test. The first action the nurse should take using the nursing process is to assess the client. The Tensilon test will determine whether the client is having a myasthenic crisis or a cholinergic crisis. A nurse is providing teaching for a client who is prescribed alendronate for osteoporosis. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Take this medication with 240 mL (8 oz) of milk. B. Remain upright for 30 min after taking this medication. C. Expect this medication to increase serum calcium levels. D. Increase vitamin D intake to promote medication absorption. - correct answers.B. Remain upright for 30 min after taking this medication. To prevent esophagitis or esophageal ulcers that can result from alendronate therapy, the client should sit up for 30 min after taking this medication.