Anesthesia, Moderate Sedation, Pre and Post Nursing Care Practice Questions And Answers 2023 Updated Review

Anesthesia, Moderate Sedation, Pre and Post Nursing Care Practice Questions And Answers 2023 Updated Review A nurse administered midazolam IV bolus to a client before a procedure. His BP is 86/40 mm Hg, and his pulse is 134/min. Which of the following IV medications should the nurse administer? A. Naloxone B. Morphine C. Flumazenil D. Atropine - Correct Answer-C. Flumazenil Rationale: Flumazenil is the antidote for benzos, naloxone is the antidote for opioids, morphine is given for pain and atropine treats bradycardia A nurse is assisting an anesthesiologist in the delivery of nitrous oxide by face mask to a client during the induction of anesthesia. Which of the following is the priority nursing action? A. Assess O2 saturation B. Measure BP C. Palpate pulse rate D. Check temp - Correct Answer-A. Assess O2 saturation Rationale: The greatest risk for injury during anesthesia is hypoxia, the priority action is to maintain and ensure a patent airway A nurse is caring for a client who develops malignant hyperthermia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? SATA A. Infuse iced IV fluids B. Provide 100% O2 C. Place cooling blanket on client D. Treat complication while continuing surgery E. Administer IV dantrolene - Correct Answer-A. Infuse iced IV fluids B. Provide 100% O2 C. Place cooling blanket on client E. Administer IV dantrolene Rationale: Measures to cool down patient and maintain a patent airway is priority. Administer IV dantrolene which is a muscle relaxant that treats malignant hyperthermia. The procedure should be canceled immediately A nurse is caring for a client who develops a systemic toxic reaction following a regional block. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Monitor serum creatinine levels B. Provide airway support C. Turn client to the right side D. Administer 0.9% sodium chloride 500 ml bolus - Correct Answer-B. Provide airway support Rationale: Systemic shock reaction casues CNS depression, priority action is to provide airway support. ABGs should be monitored instead of creatinine, turning client would not improve condition, fluid bolus would make it worse b/c hypertension is one of the manifestations A nurse is caring for a client who reports a headache following an epidural regional nerve block. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Decrease the clients fluid intake B. Apply pressure to the puncture site C. Place head of bed flat D. Instruct client to lie prone - Correct Answer-C. Place head of bed flat Rationale: Client is experiencing a headache due to CSF leak. Increasing fluids would help replace CSF loss, applying pressure to site will not stop leakage as CSF composition is different from blood, keeping head of bed flat promotes dura tear to seal, lying prone will worsen the headache When is general anesthesia used? - Correct Answer-Major surgery When complete muscle relaxation is required What is local anesthesia? - Correct Answer-Loss of sensation w/o loss of consciousness Paralysis in a specific area of the body What population is most susceptible to the effects of anesthesia? - Correct AnswerOlder adults What can help control the incidence of adverse effects of anesthesia? - Correct AnswerCareful titration What is the main priority in anesthesia patients? - Correct Answer-Airway patency However, cardiac problems can arise much more quickly Risk Factors for General Anesthesia - Correct Answer-Hx of malignant hyperthermia Hypoventilation Dysrhythmias Altered cardiac output Gastric contents (may cause aspiration) Alcohol or substance use Risk Factors for Local Anesthesia - Correct Answer-Allergy to ester anesthetics (cocaine, procaine, tetracaine, chloroprocaine, & benzocaine) Alterations in peripheral circulation How is General Anesthesia administered? - Correct Answer-Injectable (benzos, etomidate, proprofol, ketamine and short acting barbiturates [methohexital]) Inhalable (halothane, isoflurane and nitrous oxide) What are inhalable anesthetics all mixed with? - Correct Answer-Oxygen Which IV anesthetic is most commonly used? - Correct Answer-Proprofol (mechanical ventilation, radiation therapy, and diagnostic procedures) A client is to receive proprofol as an IV anesthetic. For what reason should the nurse question the order? A. Age 45 B. Female gender C. Allergy to soybeans D. O2 sat of 96 on room air - Correct Answer-C. Allergy to soybeans Rationale: allergy to eggs and soybean oil are contraindications How are inhalation anesthetics eliminated? - Correct Answer-Exhalation ~ depends on pulmonary ventilation and blood flow to lungs A nurse is caring for a client post op who is coming off of inhalation anesthetics. What actions should the nurse take to promote elimination of the anesthesia? A. Guided imagery B. Music therapy C. Encourage deep breaths D. Place compression stocking on client E. Administer O2 - Correct Answer-C. Encourage deep breaths E. Administer O2 What are the phases of General Anesthesia? - Correct Answer-Induction: initiation Maintenance: performance of surgery and monitoring airway Emergence: removal of devices A nurse is caring for a patient who was given Fentanyl. For which adverse effects should the nurse monitor for? SATA A. Nausea/ vomiting B. Constipation C. Diarrhea D. Urinary retention CONTINUES...