Biology Final Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/24 In a healthy person, after a large meal, the production of _____ will increase. After fasting, the production of _____ will increase - insulin; glucagon When the digestion and absorption of organic c

Biology Final Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/24 In a healthy person, after a large meal, the production of _____ will increase. After fasting, the production of _____ will increase - insulin; glucagon When the digestion and absorption of organic carbohydrates results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal, the excess is _____ - Stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles Food being digested in the stomach is in a highly acidic environment. When the food is released from the stomach into the small intestine, why is the environment no longer acidic? - Secretin increases the flow of bicarbonate ions from the pancreas into the small intestine to neutralize the stomach acid Constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that _____. - promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine The absorption of fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that _____. - most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood The bite salts ___ - emulsifies fats in the duodenum The pancreas is involved in the digestion of _____. I) protein II) fat III) nucleic acids IV) carbohydrates - I, II, III, and IV When the beta cells of the pancreas release insulin into the blood, _____. - the skeletal muscles and the adipose cells take up glucose at a faster rate Which of the following cell types is incorrectly matched with its function? A. parietal—pumps sodium ions into the stomach lumen B. chief—releases pepsinogen into the stomach lumen C. alpha cells in pancreas—makes glucagon D. beta cells in pacreas —makes insulin - A. parietal Increased appetite is the typical result of increased levels in the blood of _____. - ghrelin A fatty acid absorbed into an intestinal cell _____. - Becomes part of a chylomicron Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have _____. - A closed circulatory system The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the _____. - Fishes In an open circulatory system, blood is _____. a. always inside of vessels and is under higher pressure than in closed circulatory systems b. not always confined to blood vessels and is under higher pressure than in closed circulatory systems c. always inside of vessels and is under lower pressure than in closed circulatory systems d. not always confined to blood vessels and is under lower pressure than in closed circulatory systems - D Circulatory systems compensate for _____. a. temperature differences between the lungs and the active tissue