NBME 30 (Part 1) 100% EXAM SOLUTION 2023//2024

NBME 30 (Part 1) 100% EXAM SOLUTION 2023//2024 70yo M dies in a motor vehicle collision. Was undergoing evaluation for occult blood in the stool. Photo of transverse colon shown. Dx? - ANSWER Tubular adenoma 38yo M with 1-week hx of watery, itchy eyes and a runny nose. Physical shows inflamed nasal mucosa. No congestion in lower lung. Pharmacotherapy? - ANSWER Loratadine 16yo girl with 3-day hx of fever, nonproductive cough, and fatigue. T 38.3, P 88/min, BP 102-70. PE shows pale conjunctivae. CXR shows bilateral interstitial infiltrates. Blood spontaenously agglutinates while awaiting transport to the laboratory. Antibody isotypes causing agglutination? - ANSWER IgM 24yo M with small tender blisters on his penis 3 days after unprotected sex. Photograph shown. Causal agent? - ANSWER HSV-2 42yo F with 3-year hx of an intermittent facial rash, including the forehead, eyelids, nose, and cheeks. Rash seems to be getting worse since she moved from New York to Florida last year. Spicy foods precipitate a flushing reaction that seems to exacerbate the rash. PE shows erythema over the nose and cheeks, with scattered telangiectasias and a few papules. Dx? - ANSWER Rosacea 53yo M returned from Africa, has fever, headache, and abdominal discomfort. Received appropriate vaccinations prior to the trip. T 39.4C. A wright-stained peripheral smear shown. Dx? - ANSWER Malaria 68yo F with T2DM and hypertension that has been poorly controlled despite hydrochlorothiazide treatment. BP 150/96, Labs show serum glucose concentration of 130 and proteinuria. In addition to current Rx, which is most appropriate pharmacotherapy? - ANSWER Lisinopril 66yo M with stage IV colon cancer with 3-day hx of severe diarrhea after receiving chemotherapy with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and Irinotecan. prescribed opioid antidiarrheal agent with no CNS effects. Which med? - ANSWER Loperamide 35yo M in ED with 2-hour hx of sever fatigue and dizziness. Had profuse, watery diarrhea for 8 hours despite a lack of oral intake. Recently returned from a medical relief trip to a remove village in Honduras. T 36.7 C, P 122/min, BP 90/50. PE shows dry skin and decreased capillary refill. Stool for occult blood is negative; stool is gray and turbid. Gram stain shows gram-negative, comma-shaped bacteria; no erythrocytes of leukocytes. MOA of toxin? - ANSWER Activation of adenylyl cyclase 59yo F with gradual onset of lack of muscle control in her left arm and leg. Sx 1 mo ago after dx with metastatic breast cancer. PE shows ataxia of left upper and lower extremities. Muscle strength, DTR, sensation, proprioception normal. Metastatic tumor in which location? - ANSWER cerebellum Newborn delivered at 38 weeks' gestation weighs 1800 g. PE shows petechial rash, microcephaly, and hepatosplenomegaly. Serologic test for CMV: IgG + in mother, + in newborn; IGM - in mother, + in newborn. Explanation? - ANSWER Congenital cytomegalovirus infection Female newborn is delivered at 38 weeks' gestation. Apgar 8 and 8 at 1/5 min. PE shows a bulging, fluod0filled mass approximately 5 cm in diameter in the midline over the lumbosacral region. No spontaneous movements of the lower extremities. Abnormality most likely occurred because of abnormal development during which periods of postconception (in days)? - ANSWER 15 to 40 64yo M in ED 3 hours after SOB with exertion and extreme fatigue. Has ischemic heart disease. P 125/min, BP 105/60. ECG shows atrial fibrillation. Intravenous ibutilide is administered. Ten minutes later, ECG shows normal sinus rhythm. Risk for which drug effect in the next 6 hours? - ANSWER torsades de pointes 65yo F with 20-year hx of osteoarthritis of the hands now has pain radiating down the distal anterior thigh, knee, medial leg, and food. Bony outgrowth of vertebrae compressing one of the spinal nerves is suspected. Nerve root in which intervertebral foramina is effected? - ANSWER L3 to L4 38yo M with 3-year hx of T2DM. Taking an oral antihyperglycemic agent, he has tried diet and exercise. BMI 32. PE normal. Hb A1c is 10%. Physician recommends initiation of insulin injections. Responds, "I know that insulin would help control my blood sugar. But a lot of people in my family have diabetes, and insulin made them really sick at times. Patient is at which stage of change? - ANSWER contemplatio