Final Exam: NR283/ NR 283 Pathophysiology Final Exam Concept Guide| Complete with Questions and Verified Answers| 2023/ 2024 Newly Updated!!- Chamberlain

Final Exam: NR283/ NR 283 Pathophysiology Final Exam Concept Guide| Complete with Questions and Verified Answers| 2023/ 2024 Newly Updated!!- Chamberlain QUESTION What is Orthopnea? Answer: difficulty breathing while lying down QUESTION What causes orthopnea? Answer: Chamberlain increased fluid accumulation in the lungs in recumbent positions QUESTION What causes atheroma development? Answer: - Endothelial injury causes inflammation leading to elevated CRP level - WBC and lipids accumulate in the intima and in the muscle layer smooth muscle cells begin to multiply - Plaque forms and inflammation persists - platelets adhere to arterial wall causes a thrombus to form - lipids continue to build up / fibrous tissue begins to build up which causes more platelets to adhere -Platelets release prostaglandin that causes inflammation to worsen QUESTION What is the definition of atherosclerosis? Answer: - Presence of atheroma's in large arteries due to plaque buildup related to diet, exercise, and stress QUESTION What are nonmodifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis? Answer: - age - gender - genetic factors - familial factors QUESTION What are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis? Answer: - obesity - sedentary lifestyles - diabetes mellitus - poorly controlled hypertension - oral contraceptives and smoking QUESTION What are some prevention / treatment techniques for atherosclerosis? Answer: - weight loss - increased exercise - dietary modification - reduced sodium intake - control hypertension - control primary disorders - smoking cessation - antilipidemic drugs - surgical interventions QUESTION What are some surgical interventions for atherosclerosis? Answer: - coronary bypass surgery QUESTION What is angina pectoris? Answer: Chest pain triggered by physical or emotion stress that is recurrent QUESTION What are the three types of angina? Answer: - Classic (exertional) - Variant - Unstable QUESTION What is classic angina? Answer: pain that is stable and precipitated by increased effort (exercise and stress) QUESTION What is variant angina? Answer: - When vasospasm occur at rest QUESTION What is unstable angina? Answer: - prolonged chest pain at rest - may precede myocardial infarction QUESTION What are signs / symptoms of angina pectoris Answer: - Pallor skin coloring - diaphoresis - nausea - chest pain QUESTION What does diaphoresis? Answer: - excessive sweating