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Samenvatting Hoofdstuk 8 burgers en stoommachines

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samenvatting feniks hoofdstuk 8 burgers en stoommachines, volledig

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Secondary school
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Course
School year
5

Document information

Summarized whole book?
No
Which chapters are summarized?
H8
Uploaded on
July 2, 2017
Number of pages
16
Written in
2016/2017
Type
Summary

Subjects

Content preview

Burgers en stoommachines
1800-1900

8.1 De Industriële Revolutie


Kenmerkend aspect: de industriële revolutie die in de westerse wereld de basis legde voor een
industriële samenleving


Tot aan de 18e eeuw werkten de meeste mensen in de landbouw. Toen in Engeland na 1770 de
industrie opkwam, veranderde de economie daardoor ingrijpend. In de textielnijverheid werden
steeds grotere machines gebruikt en ook werden ze duurder. Spierkracht was niet meer nodig door
de uitvinding van het waterrad en later door de uitvinding van de stoommachine. Er werd niet
langer vanuit huis gewerkt, de eerste fabrieken werden gebouwd. Ook in andere sectoren begon
men met machines te werken. De verandering begon in Engeland en andere Europese landen
volgden snel in hun eigen tempo. De opkomst van fabrieken en industriesteden leidde tot een
nieuwe manier van werken en leven: de industriële samenleving.


Agrarisch urbane samenleving
• basis van economie is landbouw
• meerderheid bevolking werkt op platteland
• steden vormen centra van nijverheid en handel
• macht en rijkdom veelal gebaseerd op grondbezit
= kenmerkend voor Europese samenlevingen sinds de Middeleeuwen


Agrarische revolutie
vernieuwingen gevolgen
• einde drieslagstelsel (vanaf 17e eeuw) – toename landbouwprodcutie
– overschot arbeid platteland
• technologische vooruitgang – groei bevolking
• Engelse enclosure-movement
• marktproductie i.p.v. zelfvoorziening
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