CLEP American Government Practice Test 1 (2022/2023) Already Passed

CLEP American Government Practice Test 1 (2022/2023) Already Passed The Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954 Ordered the racial desegregation of public schools A person who votes based on what a candidate says he or she will do in the future is said to be engaging in prospective voting Should presidential candidates receive an equal number of electoral votes, the election is decided by the House of Representatives A Democracy is A form of government in which the people are the ultimate political authority New England's town meetings are an example of direct democracy Under the pen name "Publius," Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote The Federalist Papers A person who believes that the government should do what the majority of people in the country want to do is advocating majoritarianism In the debates over the Constitution, Federalists and anti-federalists spoke of factions the way we today speak of interest groups The English philosopher whose words are heavily drawn on in the Declaration of Independence was John Locke As the Constitution is concerned, members of Congress receive payment from the US Treasury The Constitution specifically empowers Congress to coin money, declare war, and admit new states. These powers are referred to as Enumerated powers In which of the nation's founding documents could one point to an "elastic clause" to justify the existence of large government agencies such as the Department of Health and Human Services The Constitution The 10th Amendment states that government powers "not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States," are reserved for State legislatures and the people The term administrative discretion refers to Congress sets guidelines for government agencies to follow The Real ID Act of 2005 was an example of an unfunded mandate What do unanimous consent agreements accomplish They end debate in the Senate To overturn a presidential veto A 2/3 vote must occur in both Congressional chambers If a president neither signs nor vetoes a piece of legislation within 10 days and Congress remains in session, what becomes of the bill It becomes law Gerrymandering is creation of a Congressional district to ensure the election of a person from a certain political party or ethnic or racial group Which government position can most easily practice "homestyle" Members of the House of Representatives Agreements between the US and foreign nations can be made by a president's admin., but for the agreement to go into effect it must have the concurrence of 2/3 of the Senate alone A state's representation in the electoral college most directly reflects the combined number of the state's US representatives and senators In times of national emergency, or when the gov. needs to act quickly and flexibly, Congress has done what with its federal powers Delegated them to the president According to the Presidential Succession Act of 1947, if both the president and vice president are incapacitated, who rises to the presidency The most senior member of the majority party in the Senate The establishment clause prohibits the federal government from promoting one religion as the religion of the state The Supreme Court case Engel v. Vitale (1962) eliminated prayer organized by public schools Charles Schenck was arrested and charged with the federal crime of trying to inhibit military recruitment in a time of war. What was the Sup. Courts decision in the resulting case, Schenck v. United States (1919) Schenck's speech and action had presented a public danger in time of was, and his conviction was not upheld Which act, signed by Bill Clinton, resulted in a balanced budget and surplus for the first time since the end of the 1960s Balanced Budget Act The effect of the Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland was to strengthen federal power at the expense of state power Which is a fake third party? A. An economic protest party B. An ideological party C. An issue party D. A verification party E. A factional party E. A factional party By tradition, before a president nominates a person to serve as a federal judge, the president ensures that the senators from the candidate's home state support his or her nomination. This is referred to as senatorial courtesy Which presidential candidate from the last two decades of the 20th century is most closely associated with raising the issue of the fed gov's budget deficit Ross Perot The State's Rights Democratic Party (Dixiecrat Party) split from the Democratic Party in 1948 because it opposed Racial segregation What 20th century presidential candidate received fewer votes than his opponent but still won the election George W. Bush Marble-cake federalism is a term to describe Cooperative federalism Which act forbade discrimination on the basis or race, color, gender, religion, or national origin Civil Rights Act of 1964 What Supreme Court case nullified state laws that made first-trimester abortion illegal Roe v. Wade Who was the first female speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi The tendency of different races to live in separate communities and, therefore, to attend different schools is referred to as de facto segregation The political system that divides political power between states and federal government is referred to as Federalism Which act penalized employers who hired illegal immigrants and gave amnesty to most of the undocumented aliens in the country Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 All of the following programs were part of President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society and war on poverty programs EXCEPT A. Medicare B. Medicaid C. Project Head Start D. Social Security E. Housing and Urban Development D. Social Security What type of federal funding do states prefer Block grants For a case to be heard in the Supreme Court, the Court must issue a call for a lower court to send to the Supreme Court the records related to the case. This call is referred to as a Writ of certiorari Which Supreme Court case in 1966 guaranteed that no individual "shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself' Miranda v. Arizona State militias are/have NOT: A. Established to enforce the will of the people B. Used to put down insurrections C. Been superseded by the National Guard D. Supposed to resist invasions E. Discussed in Article 1 of the Constitution A. Established to enforce the will of the people To prevent jurors from hearing about a trial in the media, judges will sometimes impose what restriction on journalists Gag order All of the following are examples of legal symbolic expression EXCEPT: A. Burning a draft card B. Burning a flag C. Libeling of a congressman in a newspaper article D. Wearing a black armband in protest of war E. Wearing a t-shirt that reads, "The president is a fool." A. Burning a draft card Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used against a defendant. What principle is this known as Exclusionary rule Which of the following is NOT related to political activity on behalf of gender equality: A. Equal Rights Amendment B. Equal Pay Act C. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 D. Gibbons v. Ogden E. Faragher v. City of Boca Raton D. Gibbons v. Ogden Which court is responsible for granting gov. agents the authority to post surveillance on suspected spies FISC What refers to a potential check on federal judicial power Implementation Civil liberties are freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution. Because civil liberties set limits on the extent to which the gov. can control citizen's affairs, they are sometimes referred to as negative rights Which case stressed government neutrality toward religion Agostini v. Felton Clear-and-present-danger test prohibited Speaking against the government during wartime What measure allowed President Lyndon Johnson to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the US and to prevent further aggression Gulf of Tonkin Resolution What was called for in the Virginia Plan A bicameral legislature with representatives based on population Following are basic requirements for citizenship for immigrants EXCEPT: A. The ability to function in English B. Basic knowledge of American history and government C. Commitment to the principles of the Constitution D. A period of continuous residence in the US E. Memorization of the Pledge of Allegiance and the National Anthem E. Memorization of the Pledge of Allegiance and the National Anthem What institution produces the paper currency for the US Bureau of Engraving and Printing According to pollsters who sample populations US polls generally reflect the views of most Western Countries Political Socialization refers primarily to The tendency for children to share political views with parents What polling term is used to describe a situation in which a large majority of Americans favor or oppose an issue Skewed distribution The main fiscal duties of Congress are collecting taxes and import duties, borrowing money, and paying the nation's debt The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 required that the president prepare the budget and seek Congressional approval