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Histology of cartilage, bone, muscles, neurons and ganglia
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Histology of cartilage, bone, muscles, neurons and ganglia including diagrams and explanations
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CARTILAGECartilage is amodified connective tissue and consists of all the three basie components
connective tissue namely, cells.fibres &ground substance.
Chondrocytes -These are the cells of cartilage &they lie in spaces/lacunac in the
matrix.
Collagenfibres - Type llin hyaline &elastic cartilages
Type I in fibrocartilage &perichondrium
Ground substance - Made up of glycosaminoglycans and core protein called aggrecan.
These proteoglycans molecules are tightly bound and along with the water
content give the cartilage its characteristic consistency.
Perichondrium -The free surface of cartilage is covered by afibro-vascular membrane
called perichondrium. It consists of inner cellular (chondrogenic cells) &
outer fibrous layers. It is absent in fibrocartilage.
oending upon the type aund arrangement of fibres, cartilage is classified into three types:
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage: (hyalos -glass)
a. Chondrocytes are seen within lacunae, and are arranged in groups called
isogenous cellgroups or cell nests.
b. Matrix is basophilic.glassy and translucent. It contains Type Ilcollagen fibres
and sulphated proteoglycans like chondroitin &keratin sulphatesconcentrations
c. Territorial matrix stains deeper than interstitial matrix due to higher
of the proteoglycans.
d. Perichondrium is present.
e. Itgets calcified in old age. cartilage, trachea, costal
Eg. epiphyseal plate of cartilage in long bones, articular
cartilages.
Elastic cartilage:
number; they are seen in lacunae.
a. Chondrocytes are larger in size and mnore in fibres which form a network.
b. Matrix consists of a large number of elastic
c. Perichondrium is present.
d. Does not undergo calcification in old age.
tube, etc.
Eg. pinna of ear, epiglottis, Eustachian
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, Fibrocartilage:
a. Perichondrium is absent.
b. Chondrocytes enclosed in lacunae are arranged singly or in short, parallel
rows.
C. Matrix is pervaded by irregularly arranged bundles of dense, white, wavy
collagen (type I) fibres.
d. Does not undergo calcification in old age.
Eg. intervertebral disc, menisci of knee joint., glenoid labrum, acetabular
labrum, pubic symphysis.
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