Test Bank For Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand/Isselhard | VERIFIED

Chapter 01: Oral Cavity Brand/Isselhard: Anatomy of Orofacial Structures, 8th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A diastema is a space between two teeth in the same arch. When this occurs between the maxillary central incisors, it is often the result of a pronounced labial frenum. a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. d. Both statements are false. ANS: A A space, or lack of contact area, between any two teeth in the same arch is called a diastema. When a diastema occurs between the maxillary central incisors, it is often the result of a pronounced labial frenum extending to the crest of the alveolar ridge and possibly over the ridge. This band of firm connective tissue causes the erupting incisors to be pushed aside resulting in a diastema, or space. Correction of a diastema usually involves surgical removal, or cutting, of the frenal tissue between teeth. REF: p. 3 OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 2. Torus palatinus is seen on the a. soft palate b. hard palate c. alveolar ridge d. oral pharynx ANS: B Torus palatinus is excess bone growth and occurs in the midline of the hard palate. It may grow to varying sizes and is generally only a problem when the construction of a maxillary denture is necessary. In health, such bony protuberances, or excess bone growths, do not occur on the soft palate, alveolar ridge, or oral pharynx. REF: p. 5 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I.A.2. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: bones. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 3. Contraction of which muscle raises the tongue upward? a. Mylohyoid b. Palatopharyngeal c. Palatoglossal d. Levator glossal ANS: A Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank U S N T O Contraction of the mylohyoid muscle raises the tongue. The palatopharyngeal muscle and the palatoglossal muscle form the posterolateral borders of the oral cavity. There is not a muscle by the name of levator glossal. REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I.A.4. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: muscles. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 4. The oral vestibule is partially bordered by the lips and cheeks. The oral cavity proper extends posteriorly to the soft palate. a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. d. Both statements are false. ANS: B The oral vestibule is the space or potential space that exists between the lips or cheeks and teeth. In an edentulous person, the vestibule would extend between the lips or cheeks and the alveolar ridges. The oral cavity proper is surrounded by teeth or alveolar ridges and extends all the way back to the palatine tonsils. This includes the region from the floor of the mouth upward to the hard and soft palates. REF: p. 2 OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. IdentifyNbasRic oIral aGnatoBm.yCandMphysiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 5. Each of the following is true of the uvula EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. It is located at the most posterior portion of the hard palate. b. It is located at the midline. c. It is a downwardly projecting muscle. d. It is necessary for swallowing. ANS: D The uvula is a downwardly projecting muscular tissue located at the midline of the most posterior portion of the hard palate. It is NOT necessary for swallowing. REF: p. 6 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 6. The circumvallate papillae are located on the hard palate, buccal mucosa, and floor of the mouth. The papillae found on the tongue are the filiform, fungiform, vallate, foliate, and incisive. a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank U S N T O d. Both statements are false. ANS: D All papillae listed in both statements are located on the tongue with the exception of the incisive papilla, which is located on the hard palate. Note that the incisive papilla is a singular structure, thus the different spelling. There are no papillae located on either the buccal mucosa or the floor of the mouth. REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 7. Each of the following structures can readily be viewed when examining the oral cavity EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Fovea palatinae b. Tonsillar pillars c. Laryngeal pharynx d. Sublingual fold ANS: C The laryngeal pharynx is located below the oral pharynx and cannot be seen while examining the oral cavity. The fovea palatinae, the tonsillar pillars, and the sublingual fold can be seen when examining the oral cavity. Fovea palatinae are small depressions in mucosa on either side of the posterior nasal spine indicating the junction of the hard and soft palate. Tonsillar pillars are folds of tissue that partially surround the tonsils. The sublingual fold extends backward on either side of thNe floRor Iof thGe mBCh anMd is situated just superior to the submandibular gland. REF: p. 2 | pp. 6-7 OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 8. Each of the following structures is located within the hard palate EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Incisive papilla b. Rugae c. Greater palatine foramina d. The anterior and posterior pillars ANS: D The anterior and posterior pillars are located posterior to the soft palate. The posterior pillar is also called the palatopharyngeal arch or fold. The anterior pillar is also called the palatoglossal arch or fold. The tonsils lie between the anterior and posterior pillars. The incisive papilla and rugae are located on the anterior portion of the hard palate. The greater palatine foramina are located in the posterior portions of the hard palate lingual to the second and third maxillary molars. REF: pp. 5-6 Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 9. The small bony growths that commonly occur on the buccal cortical plate of the maxillae and the mandible are called a. torus palatinus b. mandibular tori c. exostoses d. maxillary tuberosity ANS: C Exostoses, small bony growths that occur on the buccal cortical plate on the mandible and the maxillae, are seen in a large portion of the population. They are normally inconsequential unless they become tender or a denture is needed. Exostoses occur more frequently on the mandible than on the maxillae. Torus palatinus are excess bony growths that commonly occur in the midline of the palate. Mandibular tori are bony swellings that frequently occur on the lingual surface of the mandible at the canine area. The maxillary tuberosity is a rounded bony protrusion in the area of the third molar. REF: p. 4 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I.A.2. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: bones. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 10. Which structure is the MOST vascular in appearance? a. Mucogingival junction b. Alveolar mucosa c. Labial frenum d. Gingiva ANS: B The alveolar mucosa, a thin layer of loosely attached and movable tissue, covers a highly vascular area. The presence of blood vessels immediately under this relatively thin mucosa is responsible for the general reddish color. By contrast, the mucogingival junction that divides the attached gingiva from the alveolar mucosa appears more pink in color. The gingiva and labial frenum also appear pink in color. REF: p. 2 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 11. Although a patient presenting with painful areas throughout the oral cavity or a child presenting with gingival bleeding in the presence of excellent oral hygiene should be monitored carefully, referral to a dental specialist or physician is not indicated. A patient with a red and painful tongue does warrant such a referral as does a patient with moderate plaque on all teeth. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. c. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. d. Both statements are false. ANS: D Of the four situations presented in this two-part question, only the patient with moderate plaque on all teeth does NOT warrant referral to a specialist. This patient should receive appropriate oral hygiene instructions, oral debridement, and be carefully monitored with short re-care appointments. The remaining three oral conditions described in the question describe conditions suggestive of systemic involvement and warrant further investigation, typically referral to a dental specialist or physician. In particular, gingival bleeding in the presence of excellent oral hygiene is a possible early sign of leukemia. REF: p. 8 OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-up examination NAT: CDA: GC I.A.1. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology and development, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Analyzing 12. Which structure is most closely located to the lingual frenum? a. Sublingual caruncle b. Sublingual salivary gland c. Sublingual fold d. Lingual tonsils e. All of the above ANS: A The sublingual caruncle, a small elevation on each side of the base of the lingual frenum, is the opening for the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Of the structures provided in the question, it is located most closely to the lingual frenum. The sublingual fold extends posteriorly from the sublingual caruncle. The lingual tonsils are located at the base of the tongue. REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 13. The term for misplaced sebaceous glands occurring in the oral cavity is rugae. These harmless, yellowish granular structures occur in about 60% to 80% of the population. a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. d. Both statements are false. ANS: C Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank U S N T O Fordyce granules are misplaced sebaceous glands found in the oral cavity. These glands are normally associated with hair follicles, which are normally located in the skin. The most common locations for Fordyce granules are the lips, cheeks, and retromolar pads. Rugae are hard transverse ridges of epithelial and connective tissue located in the anterior portion of the hard palate. REF: p. 5 OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-up examination NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 14. Of the following structures, which is the MOST susceptible to trauma? a. Hard palate b. Buccal mucosa c. Floor of the mouth d. Dorsal surface of the tongue e. Attached gingiva ANS: C Although any oral tissue may be traumatized, the tissue in the floor of the mouth is one of the thinnest and thus very conducive to trauma. The hard palate and the attached gingiva have a more protective, fibrous nature. The dorsal (top) tongue and the buccal mucosa also have more protective features than does the mucosal lining on the floor of the mouth. Not listed as a selection, the ventral (lower) surface of the tongue is quite vulnerable to trauma. REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the landmarksNin tRhe flIoor Gof thBe.mCouthMand the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 15. A generally healthy man in his forties is curious about “little raised yellow spots” on his buccal mucosa. He has noticed them in the past but they do not seem to cause problems or become larger, so has not previously asked about them. These areas are MOST likely a. vallate papillae b. Kaposi’s spots c. Fordyce granules d. measles ANS: C Fordyce granules are ectopic, or misplaced, sebaceous glands that occur on oral mucosal surfaces. They appear as small raised yellowish or whitish spots. Although alarming to patients, these formations are harmless. Vallate papillae, also called circumvallate papillae, are the large V-shaped row of taste buds located on the posterior dorsum of the tongue. Kaposi’s spots, associated with immunodeficiency, are red and painful. Measles can appear anywhere on the body, including the oral cavity, and are red in color. REF: p. 4 OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-up examination NAT: CDA: GC I.A.3. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank NURSI glands/lymphatics. TOP: BLOOM: Understanding 16. Fordyce granules normally function as a. taste buds b. a characteristic of a malignancy c. sebaceous glands d. an infectious viral illness ANS: C Fordyce granules are misplaced sebaceous glands that appear as very small yellowish granular structures on oral mucosal surfaces in the oral cavity of 60% to 80% of the population. Sebaceous glands normally occur in the skin; when they are present in the oral cavity they are considered misplaced, or ectopic. Although Fordyce granules may be alarming to patients, they are harmless. They most commonly occur in the mucosa of the lips, cheeks, retromolar pads, and gingival tissues. REF: p. 4 OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-up examination NAT: CDA: GC I.A.3. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: glands/lymphatics. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 17. In the following illustration, structure “a” is the a. mucobuccal fold b. maxillary labial frenum c. mandibular labial frenum d. mucogingival junction ANS: B At the midline of the upper lip, a fold of connective tissue known as the maxillary labial frenum can be found. A corresponding structure, the mandibular labial frenum, is present at the midline of the lower lip. The upper frenum is usually more pronounced than the lower. Both structures, as well as additional less well-defined frena, serve to attach the lips to the arch and contain only connective tissue. Structure “b” is the mandibular labial frenum. Structure “c” is the mucogingival junction. Structure “d” is the mucobuccal fold. REF: pp. 3-4 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank N R I G B.C M NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 18. In the following illustration, structure “b” is the a. mucobuccal fold b. mucogingival junction c. maxillary labial frenum d. mandibular labial frenum ANS: D At the midline of the lower lip, a fold of connective tissue known as the mandibular labial frenum can be found. A mandibular frenal attachment that extends too close to the gingiva may contribute to gingival recession. A corresponding structure, the maxillary labial frenum, is present at the midline of the upper lip. Both structures, as well as additional less well-defined frena, serve to attach the lips to the arch and contain only connective tissue. Structure “a” is the maxillary lUabiaSl freNnumT. StrucOture “c” is the mucogingival junction. Structure “d” is the mucobuccal fold. REF: pp. 3-4 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 19. In the following illustration, structure “c” is the a. mucogingival junction b. mandibular labial frenum Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank NURSI c. maxillary labial frenum d. mucobuccal fold ANS: A The mucogingival junction is the demarcation between the attached gingiva and the more loosely connected alveolar mucosa. A change in tissue color is evident at the mucogingival junction. The attached gingiva is pink in color whereas the alveolar mucosa is considerably more red. Structure “a” is the maxillary labial frenum. Structure “b” is the mandibular labial frenum. Structure “d” is the mucobuccal fold. REF: pp. 3-4 OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 20. In the following illustration, structure “d” is the a. mandibular labial frenum b. mucogingival junction c. mucobuccal fold d. maxillary labial frenum ANS: C The point at which the mucosa of the lips or cheeks joins the gingival tissue is known as the mucobuccal fold or mucolabial fold. These structures are generally located slightly distal to the canine teeth and are quite evident. Structure “a” is the maxillary labial frenum. Structure “b” is the mandibular labial frenum. Structure “c” is the mucogingival junction. REF: pp. 3-4 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 21. In the following illustration, structure “a” is the Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank a. sublingual fold b. lingual frenum c. sublingual caruncle ANS: B The lingual frenum, also called the lingual frenulum, extends from an area near the tip of the ventral surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. If this frenum is attached close to the tip of the tongue and is rather short, the tongue movement will be limited resulting in a condition called ankyloglossia, or tongue tie. In the illustration, structure “b” is the sublingual fold; structure “c” is the sublingual caruncle. 22.2 2 . REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering In the following illustration, structure “b” is the a. sublingual fold b. lingual frenum c. sublingual caruncle ANS: A The sublingual fold, a bilateral formation, extends from the sublingual caruncle and runs back along the floor of the mouth. In the illustration structure “a” is the lingual frenum; structure “c” is the sublingual caruncle. REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank U S N T O NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 23. In the following illustration, structure “c” is the a. sublingual fold b. sublingual caruncle c. lingual frenum ANS: B The sublingual caruncle is the opening for the ducts of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. It is a small elevation located at the base of each side of the lingual frenum. Structure “a” is the lingual frenum. Structure “b” is the sublingual fold. REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. IdentifyNbasRic oIral aGnatoBm.yCandMphysiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering TRUE/FALSE 1. The nasopalatine nerves and blood vessels travel through the incisive papilla. ANS: F The nasopalatine nerves and blood vessels travel through the incisive foramen as they innervate and deliver nutrients to the mucous membrane lingual to the maxillary incisor teeth. The incisive papilla, a singular bulge of tissue at the midline immediately posterior to the central incisors, is located just above the incisive foramen. The incisive papilla is a point of injection for anesthetizing the anterior palate between the canines. REF: p. 5 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I.A.1. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: blood vessels. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 2. Beneath the incisive papilla is an injection site called the greater palatine foramen. ANS: F Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank U S N T O Beneath the incisive papilla is the incisive foramen, which carries the nasopalatine nerves and blood vessels to the mucous membrane lingual to the maxillary incisor teeth. The incisive foramen is a point of injection for anesthetizing the anterior palate area between the canines. The greater palatine foramen, which serves as a landmark for local anesthesia, is located on the posterior portion of the hard palate adjacent to the maxillary second and third molars. REF: p. 5 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 3. The posterior portion of the soft palate is a part of the esophagus. ANS: F Most of the posterior portion of the soft palate is part of the oral pharynx. Food reaches the esophagus AFTER passing both the oral pharynx and laryngeal pharynx. REF: p. 6 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 4. Projections on the cortical plate are exostoses of bone. ANS: T Exostoses are small, bony grNowtRhs loIcatGed oBCe coMrtical plate of the mandible and maxillae. They generally occur more frequently on the mandible than on the maxilla. Exostoses are normally of no consequence unless they become tender from toothbrushing or if dentures are being constructed. REF: p. 4 OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-up examination NAT: CDA: GC I.A.2. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: bones. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 5. The indentation at the midline above the upper lip is called the philtrum. ANS: T The philtrum, derived from the embryonic nasal processes, is an indentation at the midline of the upper lip. It is at the lateral junction of the philtrum that a cleft lip might be formed. REF: p. 2 OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 6. Lymphoid tissues located at the base of the tongue are known as foliate papillae. Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank ANS: F Enlargements of lymphoid tissue located at the base of the tongue are collectively known as lingual tonsils. Rudimentary foliate papillae are located on the lateral surfaces of the tongue. Both lingual tonsils and foliate papillae should be carefully examined because their location makes them difficult to see and might hide early signs of oral cancer. REF: p. 7 OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-up examination NAT: CDA: GC I.A.3. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: glands/lymphatics. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 7. The ridge of bone that can be palpated in the upper posterior aspect of the vestibular space is referred to as the vestibular zygomaticoalveolar crest. ANS: T The zygomaticoalveolar crest is a ridge of bone that marks the beginning of the anterior part of the zygomatic arch (cheek bone) and can be palpated by running the finger along the upper posterior vestibular space. REF: p. 2 OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area NAT: CDA: GC I.A.6. Identify basic oral anatomy and physiology, including but not limited to: oral cavity. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering NURSINGTB.COM Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank Chapter 02: The Tooth: Functions and Terms Brand/Isselhard: Anatomy of Orofacial Structures, 8th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The sensation of pain is felt in which part of the tooth? a. Enamel b. Dentin c. Cementum d. Pulp ANS: D The dental pulp is the sensory and nourishing portion of the tooth. It is composed of blood vessels, lymph vessels, connective tissue, and nerve cells. The pulp also contains special dentin-reparative/formative cells called odontoblasts. Sensation of pain is not felt in enamel, cementum, or dentin. REF: pp. 15-17 OBJ: To identify the different tissues that compose teeth NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 2. Each of the following terms refers to an “in-between” surface EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Facial b. Mesial c. Distal d. Proximal ANS: A NURSINGTB.COM Proximal, mesial, and distal are terms that describe surfaces of teeth that face a neighboring tooth; they also can be thought of as “in-between” surfaces. Proximal is the more general term for this type of surface. More specifically, a mesial surface is the proximal surface of a tooth closest to the midline; distal describes the proximal surface farthest from the midline. Facial surfaces are NOT proximal surfaces. Facial surfaces are more specifically known as labial (lip) surfaces on anterior teeth or buccal surfaces on posterior teeth. REF: p. 19 OBJ: To define the terminology used in naming the landmarks of teeth NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. | CDA: GC I.C.2. Identify the surfaces of the tooth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 3. Which of the following is an example of a line angle? a. Mesiolabioincisal b. Buccolingual c. Mesiodistal d. Labioincisal e. Inciso-occlusal ANS: D Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank Only the labioincisal description qualifies as a line angle because line angles separate two adjacent surfaces of a tooth by forming a junction. The labioincisal line angle represents the junction of the labial surface of an anterior tooth with its incisal edge; note these are two adjacent surfaces on anterior teeth. Buccolingual, inciso-occlusal, and mesiodistal junctions are not adjacent surfaces. A mesiolabioincisal line angle is not a line angle because it represents the junction of three adjacent surfaces and is thus a point angle. REF: pp. 17-19 OBJ: To name and identify the line angles of teeth NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 4. The hard yellow tissue that makes up the bulk of the tooth is called the a. enamel b. dentin c. cementum d. pulp ANS: B Dentin is the hard, dense, calcified tissue that forms the greatest bulk of the tooth because it forms the largest portion of the crown and root. Softer than enamel, but harder than cementum or bone, the chemical composition of dentin is 70% inorganic and 30% organic matter and water. Unlike enamel, dentin is capable of adding to itself by producing reparative dentin. REF: p. 14 OBJ: To identify the different tissues that compose teeth NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 5. All of the following formatioNnsUaRreSdIeNprGesTsiBon.sCEOXMCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Fossa b. Marginal ridge c. Developmental groove d. Lingual pit e. All of the above are depressions. ANS: B A ridge is an elevated portion of a tooth that runs in a line and is named for the specific location in which it occurs. Specifically, marginal ridges are the rounded borders of enamel that form the mesial and distal elevated shoulders of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth as well as the mesial and distal shoulders of the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth. Fossae, grooves, and pits are depressed formations within the tooth. They are also described as concavities, indented areas, or simply concave structures. A fossa is broadly defined as a depression or concavity. Developmental grooves are shallow, depressed lines that separate primary parts of the crown or root. A pit is a pinhole evident within a fossa or anywhere on a tooth. A lingual pit occurs on the lingual surface of a tooth. REF: pp. 21-24 OBJ: To name and identify the location of the various tooth surfaces NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank U S N T O 6. The function of both incisors and premolars is to cut food. The function of molars is to cut, grind, and chew food. a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. d. Both statements are false. ANS: D Both statements contain incorrect information. While it is true that the function of incisors is to tear food, premolars are more like molars; their pointed buccal cusps hold food while the lingual cusps grind it. Regarding the second statement, the function of molars is to grind and chew food; tearing or incising is NOT a molar function. REF: pp. 17-18 OBJ: To understand the individual functions and therefore the individual differences that exist among incisors, canines, premolars, and molars NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 7. The CEJ is where enamel meets the a. dentin b. junction c. cementum d. cervical third ANS: C Enamel and cementum meet at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The demarcating line is called the cervical line, formNed bRy thIe juGnctiBon.oCf thMe cementum of the root and enamel of the crown. REF: pp. 11-12 OBJ: To differentiate between clinical and anatomic crowns and roots NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 8. The dental tissue that most resembles bone is a. cementum b. dentin c. enamel d. none of the above ANS: A Cementum, a bonelike substance, contains 45% to 50% inorganic and 50% to 55% organic matter. Not as dense or as hard as enamel or dentin, cementum is more dense than bone and physiologically resembles bone. Cementum covers the root and provides a medium for the attachment of the tooth to the alveolar bone. REF: p. 16 OBJ: To identify the different tissues that compose teeth NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 9. How many surfaces does a posterior tooth have? a. 2 Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank U S N T O b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6 ANS: D Posterior teeth have five surfaces whereas anterior teeth have four surfaces and a ridge. Posterior surfaces are mesial, distal, buccal, lingual, and occlusal. Anterior tooth surfaces are mesial, distal, facial, lingual, and a biting surface is called an incisal ridge. Experts are in disagreement as to whether the incisal ridge of anterior teeth qualifies as a fifth surface. REF: p. 19 OBJ: To name and identify the location of the various tooth surfaces NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. | CDA: GC I.C.2. Identify the surfaces of the tooth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 10. None of the following tissues have the ability to regenerate EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Enamel b. Dentin c. Pulp d. Periodontal ligament ANS: B Dentin has the unique ability to regenerate, or stated differently, to add to itself. The resultant material, called secondary dentin, is formed throughout the pulp chamber after tooth eruption. Over time, secondary dentin can completely fill the pulp chamber and become problematic. A specific type of secondary deNntinRcalIled GrepaBCve dMentin is laid down in response to dental caries or trauma. Please note that while not a selection in this question, cellular cementum, which is confined to the apical third of the root, can reproduce to compensate for attrition of more coronal aspects of a tooth. REF: p. 14 OBJ: To identify the different tissues that compose teeth NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 11. Pulp canals a. are located in the crown portion b. have hornlike projections c. occupy the root portion d. occupy both the crown and root portion ANS: C Anatomically the pulp is divided into two areas: the pulp chamber and the pulp canals. The pulp canals, also called root canals, are located within the roots of the tooth. The pulp chamber is located within the coronal portion of the tooth. Together the pulp chamber and pulp canals are referred to as the pulp cavity. Hornlike projections, appropriately called the pulp horns, are located at the most coronal aspect of the pulp cavity. REF: p. 17 OBJ: To identify the different tissues that compose teeth NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank 12. The tooth surface facing the lip is called the mesial surface. The corresponding surface facing the cheek is called the distal surface. a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. d. Both statements are false. ANS: D The key feature to this terminology is the position of a surface within the arch. Surfaces of anterior teeth that face the lip are called labial surfaces. Surfaces of posterior teeth that face the cheek are called buccal surfaces. A more broad term, encompassing both labial and buccal surfaces, is the facial surface. Mesial and distal surfaces are considered proximal surfaces and are adjacent, next to, or face neighboring teeth. Mesial proximal surfaces face to the midline while distal proximal surfaces face away from the midline. REF: p. 19 OBJ: To name and identify the location of the various tooth surfaces NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. | CDA: GC I.C.2. Identify the surfaces of the tooth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 13. The prominence on the cervical third of the lingual aspect of anterior teeth is called the a. cervical line b. lingual ridge c. marginal ridge d. cingulum e. lingual cusp ANS: D NURSINGTB.COM The cingulum is the developmental lobe that makes up the bulk of the cervical third of anterior teeth. The lingually occurring cingulum is considered the fourth lobe of anterior teeth because anterior teeth are comprised of three other lobes, all positioned on the labial surface. The cervical line is the line that demarcates the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). A lingual ridge is the triangular ridge of a mesiobuccal cusp that runs to the center of an occlusal surface. A marginal ridge is a rounded border of enamel that forms the mesial and distal shoulders of occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth and the mesial and distal shoulders of the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth. Cusps occur on canines, premolars, and molars. Lingual cusps are positioned at the lingual aspect of teeth and assist in chewing and grinding functions. REF: p. 2 | p. 12 | p. 19 | p. 21 OBJ: To name and identify the location of the various tooth surfaces NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 14. Each of the following teeth is developed from four lobes EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Maxillary incisor b. Mandibular canine c. Maxillary first molar d. Mandibular second molar Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank ANS: C Incisors, canines, and most premolars are developed from four lobes—three facial and one lingual. Second molars are developed from four lobes—two facial and two lingual. First molars develop from five lobes. REF: p. 21 OBJ: To recognize how the functions of teeth determine their shape and size NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 15. In a partially erupted tooth, the visible portion is called the clinical crown. The anatomic crown is not yet fully formed. a. Both statements are true. b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. d. Both statements are false. ANS: B The clinical crown is the portion of the tooth that is actually visible in the mouth. In a partially erupted tooth only the visible portion, i.e., the portion coronal to the marginal gingiva, comprises the clinical crown. Conversely, in areas of gingival recession the entire portion of the tooth that is visible, i.e., coronal to the marginal gingiva, comprises the clinical crown. In cases of recession the visible portion of the root as well as the entire crown comprise the clinical crown. The second statement is false because in partially erupted teeth the crown is fully formed. REF: p. 11 OBJ: To differentiate between clinical and anatomic crowns and roots NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeNthU. RSINGTTOBP:.BLCOOMOM: Remembering 16. Which dental tissue is composed of 70% inorganic and 30% organic matter? a. Dentin b. Enamel c. Cementum d. Bone ANS: A The chemical composition of dentin is 70% inorganic and 30% organic matter and water. Dentin is softer than enamel but harder than cementum or bone. Dentin, the tissue forming the greatest bulk of the tooth, is yellow in color and elastic in nature. It is wrapped in an envelope of enamel covering the crown and an envelope of cementum covering the tooth. REF: p. 14 OBJ: To identify the different tissues that compose teeth NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 17. Which structure separates primary parts of a crown or root? a. Marginal ridge b. Developmental groove c. Developmental pit d. Transverse ridge e. B and C Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank ANS: B Shallow grooves or lines that separate primary parts of the crown or root are called developmental grooves. Marginal ridges are rounded borders of enamel that form mesial and distal shoulders of occlusal and incisal surfaces. Developmental pits are pinpoint holes evident within a fossa or anywhere on a tooth that are not associated with a disease process. A transverse ridge is the union of two triangular ridges, a buccal and a lingual, that cross the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth. REF: p. 21 | pp. 25-26 OBJ: To differentiate between clinical and anatomic crowns and roots NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 18. In the illustration below, structure “a” represents the a. distal marginal ridge b. mesial marginal ridge c. lingual fossa d. lingual groove ANS: C NURSINGTB.COM Structure “a” in the illustration is the lingual fossa. A fossa is a depression, concavity, or an area on the tooth that is indented. Fossae are named for their location; the fossa represented in the question is a lingual fossa. Structures b, c, and d are the mesial marginal ridge, the lingual groove, and the distal marginal ridge, respectively. REF: p. 21 | p. 23 OBJ: To name and identify the location of the various tooth surfaces NAT: CDA: GC I.A.7. Identify basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development, including but not limited to: teeth. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering 19. In the illustration below, structure “b” is the Anatomy of Orofacial Structures 8th Edition Brand Test Bank