Regis NU 713 Advanced Epidemiology and Biostatistics Questions and Answers from the Final Actual Exam (Completed April 2023) (Regis NU 713 Advanced Epidemiology and Biostatistics)

Kaplan-Meier Method formula -------- Correct Answer --------- the simplest way of computing the survival over time in spite of all these difficulties associated with subjects or situations. For each time interval, survival probability is calculated as the number of subjects surviving divided by the number of patients at risk Information bias -------- Correct Answer --------- The means for obtaining information about subjects is inadequate, and outcomes are incorrect Surveillance bias -------- Correct Answer --------- May result in erroneous estimates of the relative risk or odds ratio by paying closer attention to a monitored population It has been suggested that physicians may examine women who use oral contraceptives more often or more thoroughly than women who do not. If so, and if an association is observed between phlebitis and oral contraceptive use, the association may be due to: -------- Correct Answer --------- surveillance bias Bias -------- Correct Answer --------- Any systematic error in the design, conduct, or analysis of a study that results in a mistaken estimate of an exposure's effect on the risk of disease Selection bias -------- Correct Answer --------- A focus on effects rather than causes, which can lead to inaccurate conclusions about correlation or causation USPSTF Grade A -------- Correct Answer --------- The USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net benefit is substantial. Offer or provide this service. USPSTF Grade B -------- Correct Answer --------- The USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net benefit is moderate or there is moderate certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial. Offer or provide this service. USPSTF Grade C -------- Correct Answer --------- The USPSTF recommends selectively offering or providing this service to individual patients based on professional judgment and patient preferences. There is at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small. Offer or provide this service for selected patients depending on individual circumstances.