Complete Test Bank Psychology and Your Life with P O W E R Learning 4th Edition Feldman Questions & Answers with rationales (Chapter 1-12)

1 Psychology and Your Life with P O W E R Learning 4th Edition Feldman Test Bank Psychology and Your Life with P.O.W.E.R Learning, 4e (Feldman) Chapter 1 Introduction to Psychology 1) Psychology is defined as A) an intuition -based approach to study human behavior. B) a system of ideas that may be used to justify behavior. C) the study of mental disorders and their treatment. D) the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. 2) Psychologists to describe, predict, and explain human behavior and mental processes, as well as help to change and improve the lives of people and the world in which they live. A) use scientific methods B) use their intuition C) rely on historical linguistics D) study the flow of matter 3) Which of the following is an example of a question being answered using the scientific method? A) When asked if violent video games have any impact on a gamer, Dr. Farnworth replies that there is substantial empirical evidence to suggest a change in the gamer's physiology. B) When asked if mood influences prosocial behavior, Dr. Hotchner replies that he believes it does. C) When asked if addiction is a disease or a choice, Smith replies that he knows many addicts and he feels that they have a disease. D) When asked if an old dog can be taught new tricks, Rick replies, "I taught my 10 -year-old shepherd to fetch a ball, so yes, you can teach an old dog new tricks." 4) Dr. Alvarez studies how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in the brain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis. Dr. Alvarez's work best exemplifies the subfield of psychology. A) cognitive B) program evaluation C) developmental D) behavioral neuroscience 5) Which of the following branches of psychology studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world? A) behavioral neuroscience B) developmental psychology C) experimental psychology D) health psychology 2 6) Which of the following subfields of psychology is correctly defined? A) Behavioral neuroscience examines the relationship between the nervous system and behavior. B) Cognitive psychology examines how people grow and change from conception through death. C) Experimental psychology studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior. D) Clinical psychology studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world. 7) Which of the following subfields of psychology is correctly matched with its sample topic? A) Behavioral neuroscience: the influence of chronic stress on physical health B) Developmental psychology: the effectiveness of drug therapy for obsessive -compulsive disorder C) Cognitive psychology: the influence of an event on people's thinking D) Health psychology: the role that frustration plays in producing aggression 8) Identify a true statement about cognitive psychology. A) Cognitive psychologists focus on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors. B) Cognitive psychologists may be asked to examine people accused of crimes. C) Cognitive psychology is a subspecialty under experimental psychology. D) Cognitive psychology includes experimental psychology as a subfield. 9) Why is the term "experimental psychologist " considered somewhat misleading? A) Psychologists in every subfield use experimental methods. B) The term is no longer in existence. C) Most psychological topics are not suited to experimental study. D) Experimental methods are only appropriate for the study of the biological bases of behavior. 10) focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language. A) Developmental psychology B) Personality psychology C) Clinical psychology D) Cognitive psychology 11) Which of the following statements defines developmental psychology? A) It focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems. B) It studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death. C) It focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language. D) It deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders. 12) Which of the following correctly defines personality psychology? A) It focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems. B) It focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another. C) It focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, mem ory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language. D) It deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders. 3 13) Dr. Chen studies how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood. Dr. Doherty focuses on several traits that distinguish one person from another. Which of the following is likely to be true in the context of this scenario? A) Dr. Chen is a personality psychologist, whereas Dr. Doherty is a developmental psychologist. B) Dr. Ch en is likely to be a behavioral geneticist, whereas Dr. Doherty is likely to be an evolutionary psychologist. C) Dr. Chen is likely to be a developmental psychologist, whereas Dr. Doherty is likely to be a personality psychologist. D) Dr. Chen is a clinical psychologist, whereas Dr. Doherty is a counseling psychologist. 14) Dr. Ebrahim studies the changes in peer relationships among children through the elementary and middle -school years. Dr. Ebrahim is a(n) psychologist. A) counseling B) evolutionary C) forensic D) developmental 15) Which branch of psychology explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or diseases? A) developmental psychology B) health psychology C) forensic psychology D) clinical neuropsychology 16) Enterprise City has been hit hard by a recent economic downturn. Local psychologists are holding a public workshop to help the citizens cope with the adversity. Dr. Kurutz is outlining strategies to help adults who have been laid off avoid overeating and the use of drugs or alcohol. Dr. Kurutz is most likely a(n) psychologist. A) health B) cross -cultural C) developmental D) counseling 17) How do clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists differ? A) Clinical psychologists can only diagnose psychological disorders, as opposed to counseling psychologists who can diagnose and treat psychological disorders. B) Clinical psychologists have a PhD or an MD degree, whereas counseling psychologists have a PsyD degree. C) Counseling psychologists deal with problems that are more specific than the problems with which clinical psychologists deal. D) Counseling psychologists may specialize in forensic psychology, whereas clinical psychologists do not have the opportunity to specialize. 4 18) Identify the statement that correctly describes social psychology. A) It focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems. B) It deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders. C) It investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups. D) It studies how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others. 19) Which of the following is one of the three newer branches of psychology's family tree? A) counseling psychology B) personality psychology C) environmental psychology D) clinical neuropsychology 20) Dr. Lin and Dr. Marino study obesity. Dr. Lin relates the likelihood of obesity to the levels of the trait of neuroticism —the tendency to experience upsetting emotions. Dr. Marino re lates obesity to the frequency with which individuals eat alone; with family members; or in the presence of larger groups of friends, acquaintances, or strangers. In the scenario, which of the following statements is most likely to be true? A) Dr. Marino is a social psychologist. B) Dr. Lin is a social psychologist. C) Dr. Marino is a personality psychologist. D) Dr. Lin is a behavioral psychologist. 21) Evolutionary psychology is the study of how A) behavior is influenced by ancestral genetic inheritance. B) physical characteristics have a genetic basis. C) thoughts and behaviors are influenced by the structure of the brain. D) personality traits and social behavior vary across cultures. 22) Which of the following subfields of psychology is correctly described? A) Evolutionary psychology focuses on the biological mechanisms that enable inherited behavior to unfold. B) Behavioral genetics considers how our behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors. C) Clinical neuropsychology focuses on the origin of psycholo gical disorders in biological factors. D) Cross -cultural psychology examines the genetic basis of behavioral disorders. 23) Dr. Hart investigates how depressive disorders are related to the levels of serotonin in the brain. Dr. Hart's research falls within the field of A) clinical neuropsychology. B) environmental psychology. C) cognitive psychology. D) health psychology.