CGFM - Exam 1: Government Environment question with complete solution 2023

CGFM - Exam 1: Government Environment question with complete solution 2023 Government Sovereignty - correct answer Nat'l government can't be sued by states or by citizens w/out its permission. Government Authority - correct answer Derived from constitutions or charters (local versions of a constitution), statutes, executive orders & regulations. 3 Levels - correct answer 1) National 2) State 3) Local The primary purpose of each is to provide services to citizens. Separate and distinct, yet they may coordinate their efforts. 3 Branches - correct answer 1) Legislative 2) Executive 3) Judicial Separation of Powers - correct answer Feature of the Constitution that requires each of the three branches of government—legislative, executive, and judicial—to be relatively independent of the others so that one cannot control the others. Power is shared among the three branches of government. Checks and Balances - correct answer Constitutionally-mandated system that allows each branch of government to amend or veto acts of another branch so as to prevent any one branch from exerting too much power. Judicial Review - correct answer Power given to the judicial branch in order to sustain checks and balances. Courts can overturn laws passed by the legislature & signed by the president/governor if courts deem them unconstitutional. Enables judges to question the legality and reasonableness of a gov't manager's administrative actions. (Test question) Federalism - correct answer U.S. system of gov't. Power is distributed among different levels of gov't and no one level of gov't has complete authority over all areas of public policy. No centeralized system of gov't in U.S. Popular Sovereignty - correct answer Basic concept of the Constitution. The idea that ultimate authority belongs to the voting people and even a sovereign gov't is accountable to citizens. Legal Constraints - correct answer Derived from constitutions, statutes, and ordinances. They can include limits on the type of tax, rate of tax, and tax collection purposes. Purpose Term Amount Process - correct answer Ways in which constitutions and charters specify whether the government can incur debt and limit government borrowing. (PTAP) Reserved Clause - correct answer Stems from the 10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Powers not delegated to the Nat'l gov't, nor prohibited to the states, are reserved to the states and the people. Nat'l gov't can influence lower levels, but can't dictate the manner in which state & local gov't will operate. Areas of Overlap in Governmental Responsibilities - correct answer Nat'l and state gov'ts exercise authority in civil defense and the Nat'l Guard. For example, during peacetime, Nat'l Guard units fall under the direction of state governors and meet the needs of the state. During nat'l emergencies, these units are under command of the President, Commander in Chief. State and local gov'ts have some responsibility for traffic safety. All 3 levels impact public education. Grants - correct answer Money that is distributed to lower-level governments with the purpose of funding special projects. Laboratories of Democracy - correct answer Nickname given to state and local governments because they experiment with policies and procedures that are later adopted at the nat'l level.