Portage Learning BIOD 151 A&P 1 Module 4 completed with Answers.

Portage Learning BIOD 151 A&P 1 Module 4 completed with Answers. Portage Learning BIOD 151 A&P 1 Module 4 Anatomy of the Skeleton Part I 1. What is the function of the flat bones? 2. Describe the shape of a long bone and what its design allows. Long and thin. Designed to support body weight and enable movement. 3. Name the five basic bone shapes. Flat bones, long bones, short bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones. 4. What term best describes a hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air? Sinus 5. True or false: A sulcus is a raised ridge in bone. False, it is a depression in bone. 6. What division of the skeleton lies along the midline? Axial skeleton 7. True or false: Fontanelles are present in adults. False, in newborns. 8. What two bones of the cranium lie primarily within the skull? Sphenoid and ethmoid bones 9. True or false: The frontal bone is a paired bone of the cranium. False, it is one bone10. Which bone contains the foramen magnum? Occipital bone 11. What is the purpose of the foramen magnum? It is a large opening through which the spinal cord passes to become the brain stem 12. Review bone landmarks on the occipital bone. 13. Sinusitis is an infection of the . Sinuses (soft tissue becomes inflamed) 14. Label the landmarks of the skull in the figure below: 1-Mastoid foramen 4-Carotid canal 10-Carotid canal 11- external acoustic meatus15. What is the function of the nasal conchae? To swirl air that is breathed to help warm and humidify it before it enters the lower respiratory system. 16. What are the only unpaired bones of the facial skeleton? Mandible and vomer 17. What bone forms the anterior portion of the hard palate? maxillae 18. Label all the bones of the cranium and facial skeleton. Cranial: Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoidFacial: mandible, maxillae, zygomatic bones, nasal bones, palatine bones, lacrimal bones, vomer, nasal conchae 19. True or false: A typical spine is completely straight when standing vertically. False, there are 4 curvatures 20. True or false: The vertebral body is located anteriorly and can be palpated along the surface of the back. False, it cannot be palpated. The spinous process, is located on the dorsal side and can be palpated 21. The vertebrae fit together to protect the , located in the vertebral canal. Spinal cord 22. True or False: A typical thoracic vertebra has a bifid spinous process. False, it has a spinal process that does not split 23. What is the purpose of transverse foramina in cervical spinal vertebrae? It is for the passage of the vertebral arteries and vertebral veins 24. What region of the spine contains costal facets? The thoracic vertebrae except T11 and T12. 25. What is the purpose of costal facets? It is for rib articulation 26. Which region of the spine has the largest vertebral bodies? Lumbar vertebra 27. The line along the midline of the sacrum is called the Median sacral crest 28. True or False: Ribs 11 and 12 have no posterior attachment to the thoracic vertebrae. False Anatomy of the Skeleton Part II 29. True or false: Anteriorly, the clavicle connects to the scapula. False, connects to the sternum anteriorly and scapula posteriorly30. True or false: The medial border of the scapula connects directly to the neck of the scapula. False, the neck connects to the lateral border 31. True or false: The subscapular fossa is located on the anterior side of the scapula. True 33. Why is the glenohumeral joint prone to dislocation? Because it is held in place by ligaments and muscles with very little bone stability. 34. The capitulum articulates with a small portion of the . Radius 35. True or false: The lateral epicondyle of the humerus can be palpated on the medial side of the arm at the elbow. False, the lateral epicondyle of the humerus can be palpated on the lateral side of the arm at the elbowOlecranon process of the ulna 38. What structures connects the ulna and radius along their shafts? Interosseous membrane 39. Review ulna and radius bone landmarks. 40. Name the four bones of the distal row of carpal bones. Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate 41. Review all bones of the hand. 42. What bone is highlighted in the figure? (Left hand) capitate43. Do the carpal bones of the hand articulate with the metacarpals or proximal phalanges? metacarpals 44. The coxal bones are connected posteriorly to the . sacrum 45. The superior most region on the ilium is called the . Iliac crest 46. The ASIS is a bone landmark on what bone? ilium47. What bone landmark is highlighted in orange (center) in the figure below? iliac fossa 48. Review all bone landmarks of the coxal bones. 49. What are the main differences in the male and female pelvic shapes? Why? Pubic arch is wider in females and the pelvic brim is more shaped like an oval in females, to accommodate childbearing. 50. True or false: The intertrochanteric crest articulates with the acetabulum. False 51. What bone landmark is highlighted in blue, along the center portion of the shaft?linea aspera 52. Review all bone landmarks of the femur. 53. What bone lies anteriorly to the femur? patella 54. The medial malleolus of the ankle is a part of what bone? tibia 55. Review bone landmarks of the tibia and fibula.56. What bone of the foot is highlighted in blue below (left)? navicular 57. Review bones of the foot. Physiology of the Skeletal System 58. Name and describe the function of the contents of the medullary cavity of bone. Yellow bone marrow - a fat storage tissue found mainly in long bones Red bone marrow - found primarily in short and flat bones, to produce red blood cells 59. The center length of a long bone is called the . diaphysis60. This special type of cartilage is found at joint articulations. Articular cartilage 61. Which type of bone is lighter: Spongy or compact? spongy 62. Which type of bone is usually found on the external surface of bone: Spongy or compact? compact 63. Which type of bone cell is responsible for removing worn bone cells? osteoclasts 64. True or false: Only children require calcium in their diet to promote the work of building bone. False 65. True or false: Endochondral ossification is the ossification of long bones from hyaline cartilage. True 66. True or false: Intramembranous ossification is the formation of flat bones from connective tissue. true 67. This type of fracture occurs when one end of the bone is pushed inside the other. impacted 68. This type of arthritis causes the synovial membrane to become inflamed.Rheumatoid arthritis Joints and Ligaments 69. What type of joint is immovable: Fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial? fibrous 70. Synovial joints produce what type of fluid? Synovial fluid 71. The thumb has this type of synovial joint to allow the thumb to cross over the palm. Saddle joint 72. The clavicle connects posteriorly to the scapula via what ligament? Acromioclavicular ligament 73. Review all shoulder ligaments. 74. The ligament attaches the femur to the ilium. Iliofemoral ligament 75. What ligament is highlighted in blue in the figure below? iliolumbar ligament 76. Review all pelvic ligaments.77. What is highlighted in blue in the figure below? (posterior view) lateral meniscus 78. The abbreviation PCL stands for . Posterior cruciate ligament 79. Review all ligaments of the knee. 80. This ligament connects the anterior vertebral bodies. Anterior longitudinal ligaments81. What ligament is highlighted in blue in the figure below? supraspinous ligament 82. Why can a herniated disc be painful? Yes, when the damaged disc presses against the spinal cord 83. Review all spinal ligaments.