HESI A2 VOCABULARY, GRAMMAR, BIOLOGY AND A&P QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (SCORED A+)

UPDATED 2023 VERSION HESI A2 VOCABULARY, GRAMMAR, BIOLOGY AND A&P QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (SCORED A+) HESI A2 EXAM Vocabulary, Grammar, Biology and A&P VOCABULARY 1. Select the word that means “brief, to the point.” The teacher’s instructions were concise, so the student was able to complete the project in a reasonable period of time. A. period B. concise C. complete D. reasonable 2. What word meaning “once a year” fits best in the sentence? The family reunion picnic was held at the Jones farm instead of the county park. A. regular B. annual C. biennial D. holiday 3. Docile is best defined as being . A. defiant B. disobedient C. firm D. compliant 4. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. Because the patient had an occluded artery, the physician decided to perform cardiovascular surgery. A. Obstructed B. Open C. Broken D. Cloudy 5. Select the correct definition of the underlined word. The symmetrical nature of the artwork allowed it to be viewed from many angles. A. Measured from the center B. Colorful C. Equal on all sides D. Whimsical 6. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. Within the of the hospital, great emphasis is placed on calmness. A. cafeteria B. milieu C. metabolism D. component 7. Select the correct definition of the underlined word. The verbal instructions given by the instructor allowed the student to create an outstanding project. A. Written B. Detailed C. Oral D. Permissive 8. What is the best description for the term quotient? A. The minimum number of members needed to be present for a vote to be valid B. The protocol used when a sterile field must be maintained C. A math term naming the answer in a division question D. The preferred inoculation site for a newborn infant 9. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. The nurse has a to the Journal of Nursing Education. A. subscription B. prescription C. recipe D. receipt 10. Select the correct definition of the underlined word. The gaping hole in the fence was an enticing lure for the curious toddler. A. Narrow B. Jagged C. Painted D. Wide open 11. What is the best description for the term febrile? A. Mental incompetence B. Having a fever C. Pregnant D. Having clogged sinuses 12. What is the best description for the word contraction? A. Spasm B. Decrease C. Treaty D. Moderate 13. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The nurse discussed the diet plan with the patient. A. Regime B. Regimen C. Supposition D. Substitution 14. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The nurse gave instructions to the patient on the care of his renal disease. A. Fatal B. Kidney C. Heart D. Lung 15. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. Endogenous factors were responsible for his illness. A. Produced within the body B. Produced outside the body C. Polluting D. Hemocratic 16. Which word is not spelled correctly in the context of the sentence? The ICU nurse-manger wanted all staff to sign the letter complaining about working hours at the unit. A. ICU B. sign C. manger D. complaining 17. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. When examined, the laboring mother was at 50% dilation. A. Blood pressure B. Cervical opening C. Birth process D. Exhumation 18. Which word is not spelled correctly in the context of this sentence? The nurse went form room to room looking for the missing patient. A. patient B. form C. nurse D. missing 19. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. To alleviate his pain, the nurse gave the patient a PRN medication. A. Pinpoint B. Relocate C. Eradicate D. Reduce 20. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The potent medication reduced the symptoms almost immediately. A. Correct B. Strong C. Liquid D. Tablet 21. Which word can be defined as a truth, a rule, or a law? A. Prescription B. Tort C. Principle D. Malpractice 22. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. The proliferation of text messaging among teens has alarmed parents. A. Increase B. Summarization C. Ambiance D. Rampant 23. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. It is important that the bandage remain intact. A. Dry B. Whole C. Uncovered D. Secure 24. Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence. It is not wise to skimp on personal hygiene. A. Measures contributing to cleanliness and good health B. Financial resources available through the employment department C. Insurance D. Friendliness 25. The patient fractured the lateral portion of the hip bone, which is known as the . A. ilium B. ileum C. icterus D. ileus 26. What is the name for any substance that stimulates the production of antibodies? A. collagen B. hemoglobin C. lymph D. antigen 27. What is the best definition for the word abstain? A. offend B. retrain C. to refrain from D. defenestrate 28. Select the meaning of the underlined word in this sentence: Jerry held out hope for recovery, in spite of the ominous results from the lab. A. threatening B. emboldening C. destructive D. insightful 29. What is the meaning of the word incidence? A. random events B. sterility C. autonomy D. rate of occurrence 30. Select the word that means “water loving.” A. homologous B. hydrophilia C. dipsomaniac D. hydrated 31. Select the meaning of the underlined word in this sentence: The occluded artery posed a significant threat to the long-term health of the patient. A. closed B. deformed C. enlarged D. engorged 32. What is the meaning of belligerent? A. retired B. sardonic C. pugnacious D. acclimated 33. Select the word that means “on both sides.” A. bilateral B. insufficient C. bicuspid D. congruent 34. Select the meaning of the underlined word in this sentence: The medication should only be taken if the old symptoms recur. A. occur again B. survive C. collect D. desist 35. Select the word that means “likely to change.” A. venereal B. motile C. labile D. entrail 36. What is the best description for the word flaccid? A. defended B. limp C. slender D. outdated 37. Select the word that means “both male and female.” A. monozygotic B. heterogeneous C. homologous D. androgynous 38. What is the meaning of terrestrial? A. alien B. earthly C. foreign D. domestic 39. Select the word that means “offsetting.” A. compensatory B. defensive C. untoward D. confused 40. Select the word that means “degeneration or wasting away.” A. dystrophy B. entropy C. atrophy D. apathy 41. What is the best description for the word discrete? A. calm B. subtle C. hidden D. separate 42. Select the meaning of the underlined word in this sentence: In order to minimize scarring, the nurse reused the site of the previous injection. A. syringe B. location C. artery D. hole 43. Select the meaning of the underlined word in this sentence: As a veteran of many flu seasons, the nurse knew how to minimize her exposure to the disease. A. laying open B. prohibition C. connection D. dislike 44. Select the word that means “open.” A. inverted B. patent C. convent D. converted 45. Select the meaning of the underlined word in this sentence: Despite an increase in the volume of his urine, the patient still reported bloating. A. quality B. length C. quantity D. loudness 46. What is the meaning of repugnant? A. destructive B. selective C. collective D. offensive 47. Select the word that means “enlarge.” A. dilate B. protrude C. confuse D. occlude 48. What is the best description for the word intact? A. collapsed B. disconnected C. unbroken D. free 49. Select the word that means “the ability to enter, contact, or approach.” A. ingress B. excess C. access D. success 50. What is the meaning of symptom? A. result B. indication C. side effect D. precondition GRAMMAR 1. In the following sentence, which is the dependent clause? We played a game while we waited, and then we had dinner. A. We played B. then we had dinner C. while we waited D. a game 2. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. She drove much farther than I did. B. The campus is further up the road. C. I will have to consider farther before making a decision. D. The hospital was further away than he thought. 3. Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence. He thought it was than 3 miles to the hospital. A. further B. fewer C. bigger D. less 4. Select the best words for the blanks in the following sentence. The patient wanted to down on the bed, but first she had to her tray of food on the table. A. lie, lay B. lay, lie C. lie, laid D. lain, lying 5. Which word from the following sentence is a noun? The bird flew across the blue sky. A. across B. flew C. bird D. blue 6. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. I wanted ice cream; he wanted cake. B. I wanted ice cream he wanted cake. C. I wanted ice cream, he wanted cake. D. I wanted ice cream but he wanted cake. 7. Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence. The college he chose is in New York A. which B. that C. who D. what 8. Select the best word or words for the blank in the following sentence. The nurses, except for Henry, A. waits B. is waiting C. are waiting D. was waiting in the conference room. 9. Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence. Not only the students but also the professor A. was B. were C. are D. be 10. Which word in the following sentence is a preposition? The university lost power during the storm. A. lost B. during C. power D. the 11. What word is best to substitute for the underlined words in the following sentence? The boy watched the lights in the house go off. A. Him B. His C. They D. He 12. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. thought the movie was very good. A. Us B. We C. Them D. Ourselves 13. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct.The hospital is located at the top the hill. A. of B. off C. in D. on 14. Select the sentence that is grammatically correct. A. The nurse spoke to my sister and I about our mother’s condition. B. The nurse spoke to my sister and me about our mother’s condition. C. The nurse spoke to me and my sister about our mother’s condition. D. The nurse spoke to I and my sister about our mother’s condition. 15. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct. She has always been afraid of to the doctor. A. go B. to go C. going D. have gone 16. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct. Every morning after a shower, I shave . A. me B. myself C. mine D. my 17. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct. The patient was cold, so he asked the nurse for another blanket. A. too B. not C. to D. so much 18. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. Because I want to go to the movies later, I am going my homework now. A. to do B. doing C. be doing D. to doing 19. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct. He sat Holly and Mary on the bus. A. though C. B. through among D. between 20. Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. The professor had a huge of tests to grade. A. number B. amount C. aggregate D. stacks 21. Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? Will you learn me how to do origami? A. me B. will C. learn D. origami 22. Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. The members of the group to be seated together. A. wanting B. want C. wants D. waiting 23. Select the word or phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically correct. Why did we try so hard? A. has to B. haven’t C. had to D. have to 24. Select the word that makes the following sentence grammatically correct. Tracey wore her hair in a French braid, was the style at the time. A. among B. it C. that D. which 25. Select the phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically correct. C. Working the mission of the entire committee. A. to peace is B. toward peace was to peace was D. toward peace am 26. Select the phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically correct. Janet called her run after a squirrel. A. dog, who had B. dog that had C. dog, that had D. dog who had 27. Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. If you want to join the club, you contact the coach by Thursday. A. would B. should C. did D. have 28. Select the word that makes the following sentence grammatically correct. Andy has up a law practice of his own. A. seat B. set C. sit D. sat 29. Select the word or phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically correct. He decided to buy a large coal furnace because he felt it would be than a woodstove. A. more efficient B. efficienter C. more efficienter D. efficiency 30. What word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? It is amazing how many soccer players has developed knee problems over the years. A. many B. players C. has D. developed C. 31. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct: A child is not yet old enough to know what is healthy for . A. him or her B. them C. it D. she or he 32. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct: Theo was in great shape; he all the way back to the pier. A. swam B. swimmed C. swum C. D. swim 33. Select the phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct: went to the movies after having dinner at Lenny’s. A. Her and I B. Her and me C. She and I D. She and me 34. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct: Before turning in, Brian made sure to the alarm clock. A. sat B. sit C. set D. setted 35. What word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? Whoever wrote the letter forgot to sign their name. A. Whoever B. wrote C. their D. name 36. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct: The child’s fever was high for him to lie comfortably in bed. A. to B. much C. too D. more 37. Select the word or phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically correct. Sometimes, the condition with an unusual symptom—vertigo. A. presence B. presents C. present D. prescience C. 38. Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? The video store is on the way, so we should stop by and rent one. A. video B. way C. by D. one 39. Select the word or phrase that makes the following sentence correct. their similar training, the two professionals drew radically different conclusions. A. Because of B. Among C. Despite D. Now that 40. Select the word or phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically correct. Each of the two European capitals named after a famous leader. A. are B. am C. as D. is 41. Which word is not used correctly in the context of the following sentence? Before you walk any further, beware of the approaching traffic. A. before B. further C. beware D. approaching C. 42. What word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? The little boy sat the red block atop the stack. A. little B. sat C. atop D. stack 43. Select the word or phrase that makes the following sentence grammatically correct. Even though she was new, Lauren knew that the patient’s name would be an ethical violation. A. divulge B. to divulge C. to divulging D. divulged 44. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct: way he looked, Ted saw people milling about. A. Moreover B. Whichever C. Whomever D. Whether 45. Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. The buried treasure had there for centuries. a. laid b. layed c. lain d. laint 46. Select the word that makes this sentence grammatically correct: C. In order to serve each patient better, the clinic decided to see patients overall. a. less b. fewer c. lesser d. few 47. Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct: It wasn’t until the interview that Kim realized she had forgotten her list of questions. a. despite b. after c. among d. between 48. Select the word that makes the following sentence grammatically correct. are the best eye doctors in this county? a. Who b. Which c. Whom d. What 49. Select the word that makes this sentence grammatically correct: While he was an apprentice, Steve a great deal of time in the studio. a. spends b. spent c. spended d. spend 50. Select the word that correctly completes the following sentence. The intern was surprised by the of pain he was in after his first day of work. a. amount b. frequency c. number d. amplitude C. BIOLOGY 1. Which of the following is a benefit of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water? (Select all that apply.) A. Water has a relatively high specific heat value. B. Water has strong cohesive and adhesive properties. C. Polarity of water allows it to act as a versatile solvent. D. Water moves from higher to lower concentrations. 2. Of all the molecules that are significant to biology, which of the following are considered the most important? A. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids B. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and calcium C. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and sulfur D. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and iron 3. Lipids are better known as fats, but what are they specifically? (Select all that apply.) A. Fatty acids B. Phospholipids C. Ketones D. Steroids 4. What are the two categories of fatty acids? A. Trans fat and saturated fats B. Trans fat and unsaturated fats C. Saturated fats and unsaturated fats D. Saturated fats and polyunsaturated fats 5. How do phospholipids function in cells? A. They are integral components of the nuclear membrane. B. They are integral components of the cytoplasmic skeleton. C. They are integral components of the mitochondrial membranes. D. They are integral components of the plasma membrane. 6. What is the fundamental unit of biology? C. A. Atom B. Cell C. Tissue D. Organ 7. Which type of cell contains no defined nucleus? A. Prokaryotic cell B. Eukaryotic cell C. Animal cell D. Protest cell 8. What is the primary purpose of the flagella on the surface of cells? A. Movement of the cell B. Removal of cellular waste C. Replication of chromosomes D. Production of energy 9. Which cell organelle functions to transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cell? A. Ribosome B. Golgi apparatus C. Lysosome D. Vacuole 10. Which of the following are the distinct organelles that produce cell energy? A. Mitochondrion and chloroplast B. Mitochondrion and nucleus C. Chloroplast and nucleus D. Chloroplast and lysosome 11. How does meiosis differ from mitosis? A. In meiosis, each of the daughter cells contains twice as many chromosomes as the parent. B. In meiosis, each of the daughter cells contains half as many chromosomes as the parent. C. In meiosis, each of the daughter cells is completely identical to the parent. D. Meiotic division occurs in all body cells, whereas in mitosis the cells only divide in the gonads. 12. At which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur? A. Prophase I C. B. Prophase II C. Metaphase I D. Metaphase II 13. A cell division occurs in a human. The resulting cells contain 23 chromosomes. This is a description of gametes formed by which process? A. Mitosis B. Binary fission C. Meiosis D. Cytokinesis 14. If you wanted to determine the probability of a genotype, which of the following would you use? A. Karyotype B. Electrophoresis C. Punnett square D. Genotype map 15. During the process of transcription, a sequence of RNA is generated in which the RNA base cytosine (C) is inserted complementary to the DNA base guanine (G). Which RNA base is inserted complementary to the DNA base thymine (T)? A. Adenine B. Cytosine C. Quinine D. Thymine 16. What kind of bond connects sugar and phosphate in DNA? A. hydrogen B. ionic C. covalent D. overt 17. What is the second part of an organism’s scientific name? A. species B. phylum C. population D. kingdom 18. How are lipids different than other organic molecules? A. They are indivisible. B. They are not water soluble. C. They contain zinc. D. They form long proteins. 19. Which of the following is not a steroid? A. cholesterol C. B. estrogen C. testosterone D. hemoglobin 20. Which of the following is not found within a bacterial cell? A. mitochondria B. DNA C. vesicles D. ribosome 21. Which of the following is a protein? A. cellulose B. hemoglobin C. estrogen D. ATP 22. Which of the following structures is not involved in translation? A. tRNA B. mRNA C. ribosome D. DNA 23. Which of the following is necessary for cell diffusion? A. water B. membrane C. ATP D. gradient 24. Which part of aerobic respiration uses oxygen? A. osmosis B. Krebs cycle C. glycolysis D. electron transport system 25. Which of the following is the most general taxonomic category? A. kingdom B. phylum C. genus D. order C. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1. Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following? A. Osteoblasts B. Neuroglia C. Osteocytes D. Arterioles 2. Which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for the organs? A. Epithelial B. Connective C. Nervous D. Muscle 3. What is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs? A. Atom B. Organelle C. Cell D. DNA 4. Which type of cell division takes place in the gonads? A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Binary fission C. D. Asexual division 5. In what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum? A. Back of the hand B. Heel of the foot C. Abdomen D. Over the shin 6. What are the glands of skin that produce a thin, watery secretion? A. Sebaceous glands B. Eccrine glands C. Apocrine glands D. Endocrine glands 7. Why are skeletal muscles also called voluntary muscles? A. They are under conscious control. B. They are attached to the skeleton. C. They use ATP to energize contraction. D. They are striated in appearance. 8. All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following? A. Neuroglia B. Efferent pathways C. Afferent pathways D. Neurons 9. Motor or neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS. A. Afferent B. Efferent C. Central D. Peripheral 10. The heart has an intrinsic beat that is initiated by which of the following? A. Semilunar valve B. Bicuspid valve C. Tricuspid valve D. Sinoatrial node 11. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction result from which of the following? A. Contraction of smooth muscle in the arterial wall C. B. Relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterial wall C. Relaxation and contraction of smooth muscle in the arterial wall D. Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the venous wall 12. Which of the following is the blood vessel where exchanges take place between blood and the cells of the body? A. Artery B. Vein C. Capillary D. Arteriole 13. What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called? A. External respiration B. Internal respiration C. Inhalation D. Cellular respiration 14. In order for inhalation to occur, what must happen? A. Contraction of the diaphragm, which decreases the volume of the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs B. Contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs C. Recoil of the lungs as the respiratory muscles contract, and the thorax decreases in size D. Recoil of the lungs as the respiratory muscles relax, and the thorax decreases in size 15. Which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy? A. FSH B. Estrogen C. LH D. Progesterone 16. What is the name of the outermost layer of skin? A. dermis B. epidermis C. subcutaneous tissue D. hypodermis 17. Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breasts during lactation? A. norepinephrine B. antidiuretic hormone C. prolactin D. oxytocin 18. Which of the following structures has the lowest blood pressure? A. arteries B. arteriole C. venule C. D. vein 19. Which of the heart chambers is the most muscular? A. left atrium B. right atrium C. left ventricle D. right ventricle 20. Which part of the brain interprets sensory information? A. cerebrum B. hindbrain C. cerebellum D. medulla oblongata 21. Which type of cholesterol is considered to be the best for health? A. LDL B. HDL C. VLDL D. VHDL 22. Where are the vocal cords located? A. bronchi B. trachea C. larynx D. epiglottis 23. Where does gas exchange occur in the human body? A. alveoli B. bronchi C. larynx D. pharynx 24. Where is the parathyroid gland located? A. neck B. back C. side D. brain 25. What is the name of the process in the lungs by which oxygen is transported from the air to the blood? A. osmosis B. diffusion C. dissipation D. reverse osmosis