NBME 29

NBME 29 Cell Slide of AML -- Auer rods Are muffled whisper sounds and vesicular breath sounds normal -- yes auscultation of pneumonia -- rales and rhonchi minimal change disease -- What regulates intestinal absorption of Ca -- Vit D How does CKD affects phosphorous -- hyperphosphotemia Most common cause of hyperthyroidism -- Graves Graves pathophys -- TSH receptor stimulating antibodies What are cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam -- bile acid resins MOA of bile acid resins -- - inhibit the reabsorption of bile acids through the intestinal lumen - lowers intrahepatic chol - stimulates liver to express LDL receptors - decreases blood LDL How does prolactin have anti-estrogenic effects -- prolactin inhibits GnRH Decrease in what causes vaginal dryness -- estrogen what is the triad of aspirin-exacerbated resp distress -- asthma (bronchospasm) nasal polyps aspirin MOA -- NSAID, irreversible inhibitor of COX 1 and 2 decrease conversion of arachiodonate to cyclic endoperoxides, therby less prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 Tubocurarine MOA -- neuromuscular blocker competitive antagonize postsynaptic Ach receptor sites (will still show presynaptic phrenic nerve activity) How to reverse tubocurarine -- neostigmine - acetylcholinesterase inhibitor What is used to treat influenza -- neuramindase inhibitors (oseltamivir)