Forestry final exam With Correct And Answers

Self sustaining population - ANSWER Habitat for all exist species of wildlife is retained in quantity and quality to maintain at least self sustaining populations of each existing species Serotinous cones - ANSWER Cones of some species of gymnosperms that are sealed by rain and require high temps to open the cone and release the seeds Prescribe fire - ANSWER Also called controlled burns, a tool used by natural resource managers to accomplish specific management objectives Silvopasture - ANSWER an agroforestry practice specifically designed and managed for the production of trees, tree products, forages, and livestock Agroforestry - ANSWER a unique land management approach that integrates productivity and profitability with environmental stewardship for healthy and sustainable agricultural systems Windbreaks - ANSWER strips of trees and or shrubs planted and maintained to alter wind flow and microclimate, thereby protecting a specific area Alley cropping - ANSWER the planting of rows of trees or shrubs at wide spacing, creating alleyways within which agricultural crops or horticulture crops are produced. Forest farming - ANSWER high value specialty crops are intentionally cultivated under the protection of a forest canopy that has been modified to provide the correct conditions Percolation - ANSWER the rate at which water drains through the soil affects plants survival and growth Balled and burlapped plants - ANSWER field grown trees and shrubs that are dug, the soil ball wrapped in burlap and then laced up with string or rope Bare root plants - ANSWER Grown in a field, harvested in the fall by removing all of the field soil, graded, stored in large refrigerated rooms, and then shipped in very early spring Urban forestry - ANSWER emerging branch of forestry that is practiced in or near cities Arboriculture - ANSWER scientific care of shrubs and trees in cities and towns Pruning - ANSWER the practice of removing branches from a tree Branch collar - ANSWER • Undercut 12-24 in up from the branch collar. This stops tearing • Make the 2nd cut from the top all the way through the branch • The final cut should be just beyond the branch collar. Support the stub so it does not tear the bark Plant health care (PHC) - ANSWER incorporates IPM but focuses on improving the health of the tree instead of on the destruction of harmful pest -Market for forest products o Forest owners tend to manage timber more intensely as wood prices increase o When prices are low and the cost of harvesting exceeds the cost of wood, timber may get left in the forest until prices rise. -legislation o Environmental legislation- water and air pollution o Safety and health legislation- OSHA o Federal forest management legislation - direction and goals for managing public forest o State forestry laws - some states regulate forestry practices on private forest lands ; leads to variation in timber management practices across the states -taxation o Local property taxes o State and federal income taxes on forest revenues o Death tax on inherited forest - ANSWER What external forces influence the timber market? How? o Supply raw material to the forest industry o Provide landowners with a financial return from their timber investment o Perform certain silvicultural functions o Salvage useable wood fiber form trees killed by fire, insects, or disease - ANSWER Why is harvesting necessary? -tree processing Cutting the tree down, removing limbs, cutting the tree into segments, removing bark from the tree, and making chips -moving the tree or its segments to a concentration point Piling trees into piles by size for loading -loading the tree or its segments for a final transport Loading the truck from a prehauler -hauling the tree or its segments to a delivery point Taking the logs or segments to final destination - ANSWER Describe the timber harvesting process. Benefits -seed dispersal and planting -pest control => small impact Detrimental -browsing => can destroy seedling or eat them -feeding on bark -felling -seed destruction - ANSWER Wildlife benefits and detrimental influences on forest? -reduce dead vegetation -replenish nutrients to the soil -stimulates new growth -maintain biological diversity - ANSWER What roles does fire play in a forest? 1. Native Americans => used fires for numerous things 2. Early settlers => used to open land for agriculture 3. Expansion & fire suppression => led to build up of debree and wildfires 4. Early 1900s => 10 am policy - fires were to be put out by this time 5. 1940s => Smokey the bear - fire prevention 6. Present day => have fire management - ANSWER History of the US fire policy • Select proper tree for the site, use proper practices during planting, pruning, and caring for the tree • Tolerate some pest to encourage natural enemies and reduce the need for pesticides • Monitor the health of the tree regularly for diseases and pest damage • Educate property owners about pest tolerance levels • Apply appropriate cultural practices as needed - ANSWER What are 3 key elements of PHC?