GU Exam with verified questions and answers

bridge A _______ attaches to the head of the scope and accepts accessory tools. hydrocele A _______ is a benign, fluid-filled sac that develops in the anterior testis. Indwelling a urethral or ureteral catheter that is left in a place is a(n) _____ catheter. KUB A(n) _____ may be used to outline structures of the urinary system, including any stones larger than 2 mm. testicular A(n) ________ prosthesis is placed into the scrotal sac after orchiectomy. reflux Backward (opposite of its normal direction) flow of a body fluid is _________. Dorsal In adult circumcision, a _____ incision is made in the skin and carried circumferentially. lithotomy In robotic-assisted prostatectomy, the patient is prepped and draped for an abdominal laparoscpic procedure in the ______ position. ESRD Kidney transplantation is performed for acute and chronic ________. calculi Stones caused by the precipitation of minerals, such as calcium, and other substances form the urine or kidney filtrate are ___________. Kidneys The _______ are the primary organs for filtration of the blood. retroperitoneal The ______ cavity lies posterior to (behind) the peritoneal cavity. Urethra The ______ communicates with the lower bladder to enable excretion of urine from the body. prostate The _______ gland surrounds the urethra and secretes an alkaline fluid that contributes to seminal fluid. adrenal The ______ glands are paired organs that lie on the medial side of the upper kidney. Scrotum The _______ is a layered tissue sac that encases the testicles. glomerulus The ______ is composed of a vast system of microscopic tubules that communicate directly with the capillaries to filter the blood. Torsion Twisting of an organ or a structure on itself is ______. Nonelectrolytic Whenever electrosurgical instruments are used, the irrigation fluid must be_________. ureteroscopy ___________ uses a rigid or flexible scope, which is inserted through the urethra and advanced into the renal pelvis and ureter. kidney ______ stones (calculi) are formed by the precipitation of specific slats from filtrate that becomes supersaturated. tamponade __________ is an instrument or other device that puts pressure on tissue, usually to stop bleeding hemodialysis ________ patients are extremely careful of their AV access sites and need to take precautions to prevent injury at the site. retrograde urogram Which of the following studies is a radiologic procedure in which contrast media is injected through a cystoscope? Gibson Which incisional approach is used for access to the lower ureter and may be used for donor kidney implantation? operative approaches Flank, Gibson, inguinal, and scrotal are examples of: undescended testicles Cryptorchidism is more commonly known as: obturator Which component of the rigid endoscopic system for cystoscopy is blunt ended and minimized mucosal trauma during insertion? Subcostal Flank In which surgical approach would the latissimus dorsi, internal and external oblique muscles be transected for access to the operative site? adrenal Suprarenal glands are more commonly known as: Gerota's fascia Which of the following structures encloses the kidneys and suprarenal glands? Catecholamines What does the adrenal medulla secrete? between ages of 3 and 8 years At approximately what age or period would a patient MOST likely be diagnosed what a Wilms' tumor? supine Radical nephrectomy is usually performed with the patient in which position? renal artery Which structure is ligated and transsected first in a radical nephrectomy or laparoscopic simple nephrectomy, following isolation of the vessels and ureter? the left kidney is larger and slightly higher than the right Which of the following comparisons of normal or typical kidney anatomy is CORRECT? medial midsection Where is the hilum of the kidney located? nephron What is the name of the basic structure composed of renal corpuscles and tubules and numbers over a million? liver cirrhosis Adenocarcinoma has a direct correlation to each of the following EXCEPT: Lateral Simple nephrectomy is routinely performed in which position? cooling with Collins solution or ice slush What measure is taken to reduce the metabolic needs and prevents tubular necrosis of kidney removed for transplant? three How many suture ligatures or free ties should the surgical technologist have prepared for ligation of the renal artery and vein prior ro trans-section and removal? chopping the kidney and ureter into small pieces for suctioning What is the morcellator used for in a laparoscopic simple nephrectomy? chest tube with drainage system Which of the following items would likely be needed if the pleural cavity is unintentionally entered during nephrectomy? traumatic Which of the following is NOT a form of polycystic kidney disease? end-stage renal disease Dialysis and kidney transplant are the only two treatments for which of the following? when both kidneys are functioning at or below 10% of normal When is a patient classified as being in end-stage renal failure? heparin and mannitol Just before the surgeon clamps the renal vessels of the donor's kidney, what does the anesthesia provider put in the IV? protamine sulfate Which of the following is given IV after the donor kidney is removed to reverse the heparinization? woven stockinette What might the donor kidney be placed into to reduce possibility of injury handling and transplantation? right lower quadrant Into which anatomical area of the abdomen will a transplanted donor kidney be implanted? #11 blade and 45 degree angle Potts scissors Which cutting instruments should the surgical technologist have ready for anastomisis of the renal vessels into the recipient? fine, nonabsorbable, double-armed Which suture configuration is used to anastomose vessels in transplants? ureteroneocystostomy What is the medical term for the procedure of connecting a donor ureter to a recipient bladder? double-J or pigtail stent Which of the following is used to ensure patency of the ureters or allow for drainage of urine from the kidneys? kidney Where in the genitourinary system do calculi originate? basket stone forceps What device is used through the ureteroscope to capture an intact calculus or fragments if fractured by laser? pyelolithotomy What procedure is performed to remove a calculus lodged in the area of the hilum? lateral In what position is the patient placed for proximal pyelolithotomy? prostate What anatomical structure is the bladder attached to in males? Detrusor muscle Which of the following is responsible for emptying of the bladder and closure of the bladder orifice? internal iliac artery The vesical arteries that supply the bladder arise from the: saline Which irrigation or distention fluid would be contraindicated during cystoscopy for fulguration of bladder tumor? A flexible penile clamp is applied to the head of the penis How is the anesthetic jelly that is inserted into the male urethra prior to cystoscopy kept from leaking out? It has a mesh drain attachment What is a unique feature of the OR table in a cystoscopy suite? prostate biopsy An elevated serum PSA exam might prompt the additional investigation of a(n): TURBT Which of the following procedures could be done in either a male or female patient? Ellik Which of the following is a glass or plastic evacuator used to remove tissue and debris during TURP? contrast media Omnipaque, Renografin, and Isovue are used in cystoscopy as: water Which distention fluid is nonelectrolytic and will lyse malignant tumor cells because of cellular uptake? fiber-optic What type of light is used for illumination in endoscopic equipment? cystectomy What is the medical term for excision of the urinary bladder? ileal conduit What is the more common name for ureteroileocutaneous diversion? Koch pouch What is the name of a continent urinary reservoir that may be performed following cystectomy? Urachus What is the name of the connective tissue that forms the umbilical ligament and is used for traction in radical cystectomy? segments of bilateral ureters In radical cystectomy with ileal conduit on a male patient, what tissue will be sent for frozen section to verify clear margins? the edges are everted and affixed to the skin What is done with the edge of the ilium that is brought out through the abdominal wall for stoma creation? suprapubic vesicourethral suspension Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz (MMK) is a traditional version of which general type of procedure? stress incontinence Vesicourethral suspension and pubovaginal slings are performed to mainly treat moderate to severe: radiopaque vaginal packing Which of the following is NOT a type of pubovaginal or suburethral sling? urethra What structure of male anatomy is divided into three sections: prostatic, membranous, and spongy? 50 Approximately how many lobules comprise the average prostate gland? benign prostatic hypertophy What is the common diagnosis of a patient undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate? Van Buren Which of the following are male urethral dilators or sounds? resectoscopes Baumrucker, Iglesias, Stern-McCarthy, and Nesbit are types of: Judd-Mason Which self-retaining retractor is used for open suprapubic prostatectomy? suprapubic catheters Bonanno, Malecot, and Pezzer are types of: Sperm What does specialized tissue within the seminiferous tubules produce? hydrocele What is the term for an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid around the testis contained within the tunica vaginalis? orchiectomy Which procedure is performed for testicular cancer, trauma, or necrosis secondary to torsion? prepuce What is the medical term for the free fold of skin that covers the glans penis? phimosis Which of the following is the term for the inability to retract the foreskin of the penis? impotence Diabetes, vascular disorder, nerve damage, and trauma are all possible causes of: Surgical site infection What is the MOST serious post-op complication of penile implant surgery? Hegar Which dilating instrument is used to dilate the corpora for placement of penile prosthesis? penectomy What procedure is performed for penile carcinoma resistant to chemotherapy or radiation? True Many hospitals allow use of only sterile gloves to set up the back table for cystoscopy procedure. True The anatomical structures excised during radical cystectomy are different between male and female patients. True Procedures for female urinary incontinence may be performed by gynecologists, urologists, or urogynocologists. True Every instrument or catheter placed into the urethra should be lubricated to minimize mucosal injury or irritation.